√Lecture 4.1 Washington Irving.ppt

The literature of Romanticism Romanticism: Rise of Romanticism: appeared in England in the 18th century. A modern term applied to the profound shift in Western attitudes to art and human creativity in the first half of the 19th c. Reaction against the prevailing neoclassical spirit and rationalism (reason) during the Age of Reason. That philosophical movement is called the Transcendentalism(超验主义) which helped American literature branch off European culture and heralded the real beginning of American literature which is later called as: American Renaissance. It is one of the most important periods in the history of American literature that stretches from the 18th century to the outbreak of the civil war. It started with the publication of Washington Irving’s The Sketch Book and ended with Walt Whitman’s Leaves of Grass.American romanticism being a period of the great flowering of American literature, it is also called “the American Renaissance”. Washington Irving Irving has been called the father of the American short story . He is the first American writer of imaginative literature to gain international fame, so he is also regarded as father of American literature. He was regarded as “ the American Goldsmith” The short story as a genre in American literature began with Irving’s The Sketch Book, which also marked the beginning of American Romanticism. The Sketch Book《 见闻札记》 A collection composed of two short stories: (1)Rip Van Winkle 《瑞普 凡 温克尔》 (2)The Legend of Sleepy Hollow 《 睡谷传奇》 《见闻札记》是欧文的代表作，包括小说、散文、杂感等32篇，以幽默风趣的笔调和富于幻想的浪漫色彩，描写了英国和美国古老的风俗习惯以及善良淳朴的旧式人物。这部作品在英国出版后，受到欧美文学界的高度重视，奠定了欧文在美国文学史上的地位 。 1859年11月28日，欧文与世长辞。美国人民为了怀念这位在文学方面做出突出贡献的作家，在纽约下半旗致哀。 欧文---在中国 1877年，清朝官员张德彝出访英国时，见到了根据欧文的《瑞普·凡·温克尔》改编的戏剧。回国后，张德彝在出访记录中记述了对它的感受。30年后，早期翻译名家林纾将《见闻札记》译成中文，取名《拊掌录》，这是欧文作品的第一个中译本。在林译中，《瑞普·凡·温克尔》被译为《李伯大梦》。 Place: Sleepy Hollow in our book The Legend of Sleepy Hollow Ichabod Crane Murder case Sleep Hollow Van Tassel