《英汉互译实践与技巧》补充课件2：物称与人称.ppt

第一讲 Impersonal vs. Personal 物称与人称 新年那天，他们参加游园活动，玩得很开心。 They enjoyed themselves in the activity of gala on New Year’s Day. New Year’s Day saw them enjoying themselves in the activity of gala. 2. 他在第二次世界大战中屡建战功，晋升很快。 He got rapid battle promotion during the Second World War. The Second World War brought him rapid battle promotion. 英语：常用物称表达法。不用人称来叙述，而让事物以客观的口气呈现出来。 汉语：常用人称表达法。较注重主题思维，以“万物皆备于我”作主导，从自我出发叙述客观事物，或倾向于描述人及其行为或状态。 What happened to you? 你怎么了？ 人们永远不会忘记这场灾难。 The disaster will be rooted in our memory forever. Alarm began to take entire possession of him. 他开始变得惊恐万状。 An idea suddenly struck me. 我突然想到了一个主意。 1. 英语物称倾向的表现形式 （1）“无灵主语”+“有灵动词” Beijing has witnessed a great many historical events. 北京目睹过许多伟大的历史事件。 Your letter reached me yesterday. 我昨天收到了你的信。 （2）非人称代词“it”的使用 It作非人称代词 It often rains in summer It用于强调结构 It was in Shanghai that I saw the film. It作形式主语或宾语 It is not easy to finish the work in two days. (3) 英语常用被动式 Wrongs must be righted when they are discovered. 发现了错误，一定要改正。 Specialties in colleges and universities should be adjusted and teaching methods improved. 必须调整高等院校的专业设置，改进教学方法。 2.汉语的人称倾向的表现形式 （1）“有灵主语”+“有灵动词” （2）无法确定人称时，采用“人们”，“有人”，“大家”，“别人”等泛称。 （3）当无法采用人称或泛称，或主语不必说出时，用无主句或主语省略句。 请全体教职工星期五下午2时在会议室集合。 All faculty and staff are requested t meet in the conference room at 2 PM. Friday. 1. 英译汉：物称主语句变人称主语句 （1）改变原句的主语，重组句子 Anger choked his words. 他气得话也说不出来。 （2）物称主语转化成汉语复句 This medicine will make you feel better. 吃了药你会舒服些。 1. 英译汉：物称主语句变人称主语句 （3）无生命主语转化成汉语的状语 Investigation led us to the foregoing conclusion. 经过调查，我们得出了上述结论。 （4）无生命主语转化成汉语的外位成分 The heat makes me sweat like a pig. 热得我满头大汗。 1. 英译汉：物称主语句变人称主语句 （5）引申英语谓语动词的词义 Words failed him. 他说不出话来。 （6）运用使役句式 His illness left him weak. 疾病使他变得虚弱。 2.汉译英：人称主语句变物称主语句 （1）用 it 作主语 看来你是对的。 It appears that you are right. （2）用英语的被动结构译出 中国到处打乒乓球。 Table tennis is played all over China. 2.汉译英：人称主语句变物称主语句 （3）用 there be 句型取代原文主语 There is more to the incident than it seems to be. 新工作不见得比原先的工作强