【备战2014,教师原创】2014年高考英语语法备考 虚拟语气 课件.ppt

Subjunctive (虚拟语气 ) 1）虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。虚拟语气在条件句中应用比较多。 2）条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。 一、非真实条件句中的虚拟语气 二、宾语从句中的虚拟语气 三、主语从句中的虚拟语气 四、表语从句、同位语从句中的虚拟语气 五、状语从句中的虚拟语气 六、几种特殊的虚拟语气 a. 与现在事实相反的假设 b. 与过去事实相反的假设 c. 表示对将来不大可能发生的事情的假想 虚拟语气在混合条件句中的应用： 有时，主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间，主句从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同，这种条件句叫做混合条件句。 1.如果你昨天问过他，今天就知道做什么了。 If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do today. （从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。） 2.如果昨晚下过雨，今天就会很冷了。 If it had rained last night（过去）, it would be very cold today （现在）. 注意：在虚拟语气的从句中，动词‘be’的过去时态一律用“were”，不用was，即在从句中be用were代替。 1.如果我是你，就会去找他。 If I were you, I would go to look for him. 2.如果他在这儿，一切都会好的。 If he were here, everything would be all right. 虚拟条件句的倒装： 虚拟条件句的从句部分含有were, should, 或had时, 可省略if，再把were, should或had 移到从句的句首，实行倒装。例如： 1.他们现在在的话，就会帮助我们了。 Were they here now, they could help us. =If they were here now, they could help us. 2.你来得早一点，就碰到他了。 Had you come earlier, you would have met him. =If you had come earlier, you would have met him. 3.如果你处在我的位置，你会怎么办？ If you were in my position, what would you do? =Were you in my position, what would you do? 4.如果你早点来，你就能赶上那班车了。 If you had come earlier, you would have caught the bus. =Had you come earlier, you would …. 5. _____ to do the work, I should do it some other day. A. If were I B. I were C. were I　D. was I 答案C. 在虚拟条件状语中如果有were, should, had这个词，通常将if省略，主语提前, 变成 were, should, had +主语的形式。 但要注意:在虚拟条件状语从句中，省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式。如我们可说 were I not to do, 而不能说 werent I to do。 虚拟语气用于“wish+ 宾语从句”的用法 1）wish后面的从句，表示与事实相反的情况，或表示将来不太可能实现的愿望。其宾语从句的动词形式为： I wish I ______ longer this morning, but I had to get up and come to class. A. could have slept 　　B. slept C. might have slept 　　D. have slept wish 与hope接宾语从句的主要区别： hope一般表示可以实现的愿望，宾语从句用陈述语气；wish表示很难或不大可能实现的愿望，宾语从句用虚拟语气. 比较： We hope we will succeed. ( we don’t know if we will succeed.) We wish we would succeed. (we know we can hardly succeed.) 用于祝愿语 1. 动词用原型