专业英语化工.ppt

Nomenclature of amines (RNHR’) For secondary amines, they are primarily named for the longest carbon chain attached to the nitrogen atom, and the other chain can be prefixed as an alkyl group with an italic N as the location prefix. CH3NHC2H5 N-methylethanamine ethyl methyl amine (common name) Nomenclature of amines (RNR’R”) Tetriary amines are named similar to secondary amines. The substituent groups can be ordered alphabetically. CH3CH2N(CH3)C2H5 N-ethyl-N-methylethanamine Nomenclature of amides (RCONH2) Amides take the suffix “-amide”. The naming of secondary and tertiary amides is similar to the case of amines. The substituent groups can be ordered alphabetically. CH3CONH2 ethanamide acetamide (common name) N-ethyl-N-methylmethanamide 2-methyl propanal cyclohexyl methanoic acid cyclohexane carboxylic acid ethyl 3-methylbutanoate Order of precedence of groups For compounds with more than one functional group, the highest precedence group takes the suffix, with all other taking the prefix form -COOH -COOR -CONH2 -CN 1 2 3 4 carboxyl- Roxycarbonyl- carbomoyl- cyano- - ic acid -R-oate -amide -nitrile Priority group prifix suffix (substituent group) (principle group) -CHO - CO - OH -OOH - NH2 -O- -OO- 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 formyl- oxo- hydroxy- hydroperoxy- amino- oxy- peroxy- -al -one -ol -hydroperoxide -amine 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Principal group: Parent chain: Parent chain + principal group: Substituent: -one Heptane Heptan-2-one Hydroxy- Compound name: 7-Hydroxyheptan-2-one (Z)-but-2-enal hept-1-en-4-one Homework: ① Preparation for the next lesson Passage 2 in part C (page 123) ② Translate the passage 15 in part B (page 93) Ion Name Acid or base Na+ sodium ion Sodium hydroxide S2- sulfide Hydrosulfuric acid ClO4- perchlorate Perchloric acid CO32- carbonate Carbonic acid BrO2- bromite Bromous acid P