中国的国际化 英文.ppt

China’s Development Trends, Issues and Progress China’s Economic Nodes Development Background Even before economic reform began in 1970s, China’s economy had large share of industrial output—almost 50% of GDP Unusual because vast majority of people work land Share of agriculture has gradually fallen from 33% in 1985 to 15% in 2002 Structure of China’s secondary industry changed fundamentally during 1980s Growing Role of Private and Collective Enterprises Until 1978 industry dominated by large state-owned enterprises (SOEs) Since then manufacturing output has been produced by “collective” enterprises under aegis of local governments-particularly township and village enterprises (TVEs) But increasingly by private entrepreneurs or foreign investors—either wholly owned or in joint ventures Value of Chinese Exports and Received FDI, 1983-2002 (Billions of $US) Hungry Dragon: China’s Demand for Raw Materials China’s booming economy driving up prices minerals and metals Oil imports rose by 30% in 2003 exceeding those of Japan Raises problems of supply bottlenecks and encourages local growth of needed resources Transport Logjam Strained by rapid growth China’s transport system has bogged down Railroads are so overburdened that power plants in southern China have trouble getting coal from the north This has caused ‘brownouts’ forcing factories to operate on limited schedules Overloaded heavy duty trucks are breaking down roads and enforcement of weight limits forcing trucks to make more trips Shipping Growth Huge need for raw materials and production of finished goods has fueled a new demand for the world’s shipping industry This has produced a major pressure on China’s port system Shortages of trucks and rail cars are preventing distribution of shipments from overseas Imported iron ore and steel clog docks and new arrivals are forced to wait as long as a month at a cost of up to $100K a day per vessel Other Impacts of Transport Congestion But exports of shoes to furnitur