汽车--常用术语.doc

汽车--常用术语 常用术语 1、汽车类型：the type of automobile 汽车：motor vehicle，automobile 载货车：truck 微型货车：mini-truck 轻型货车：light-truck 中型货车：medium truck 重型货车：heavy truck 越野车：off-road vehicle 自卸车：dump truck 牵引车：towing vehicle 专用汽车：special purpose vehicle 客车：bus 轿车：passenger car 微型轿车：mini-car 普通级轿车：subcompact car 中级轿车：compact car 中高级轿车：intermediate car 高级轿车：limousine car 2、汽车尺寸：dimension of vehicle 车长：vehicle length 车宽：vehicle width 车高：vehicle height 轴距：wheel space 轮距：track 前悬：front overhang 后悬: rear overhang 最小离地间隙：ground clearance 车轮外倾：camber angle 主销内倾: kingpin inclination 前束 toe-in 3、发动机：engine 发动机总体构造和工作原理：the construction and working principle 汽油机gasoline engine 柴油机 diesel engine 四冲程发动机four-stroke engine 单(多)缸发动机 single(multi)-cylinder engine 立（斜、卧）式发动机 vertical (inclined、horizontal) engine 工作循环 working process 进气（压缩、膨胀、排气）行程 suction(compression、 expansion 、exhaust) stroke 点火次序 firing order 上（下）止点 top(bottom) dead centre 活塞行程 piston stroke 气缸工作容积 piston swept volume 发动机排量 engine swept volume 充气系数 volumetric efficiency 配气相位 valve timing 压缩比 compression ratio 直接喷射 direct injection 间接喷射 indirect injection 喷油压力 injection pressure 电控喷射 electronic-controlled injection 雾化 atomization 混合气浓度 mixture concentration 可燃混合气 combustible mixture 空燃比 air-fuel ratio 过量空气系数 excess air ratio 燃烧室 combustion chamber 压燃 compression ignition 点燃 spark ignition 抗暴性 antiknock quality 增压中冷 inter-cooling 负荷 load 空载 no-load 工况 working condition 曲柄连杆机构：connecting rods and crankshaft 缸盖 cylinder head 气缸 cylinder 缸体 cylinder block 缸套 cylinder liner 油底壳 oil pan 活塞 piston 活塞环(销) piston ring(pin) 气（油）环 compression(oil control) ring 连杆 connecting rod 曲柄 crank 曲轴 crankshaft 飞轮 flywheel 配气机构：valve gear 凸轮（轴）cam(camshaft) 进（排）气阀 inlet (exhaust) valve 挺柱 tappet 推杆 push-rod 摇臂 rocker arm 燃油供给系统：fuel system 柱塞（转子）式喷油泵 jerk fuel injection pump 喷油