8专业英语应用文写作(合同书与产品说明书).ppt

专业英语Ⅱ 专业英语翻译标准 专业词汇的翻译 专业术语的翻译 根据上下文选择词义 根据词的搭配来选择词义 根据学科和专业选择词义 词义的引申 词义的转换 c、由人名构成的术语，一般采用音、意混合译法 Faraday constant Avogadro constant Lenzs law Joule-Thomson effect Curie point Einstein equation bunsen flame 根据上下文选择词义 1) A car needs a lot of power to go fast. 2) Power can be transmitted a very long distance. 3) The fourth power of three is eighty-one. 4) The combining power of one element in the compound must equal the combining power of the other element. 根据上下文选择词义普通词汇的专业化 This medicine acts well on the heart． Work must be done in setting a body in motion. Even though bearings are usually lubricated, there is friction and some wear. 根据词的搭配来选择词义 1) large current 2) large capacity 3) large loads 4) large-screen TV 5) large growing 6) a large amount of money 根据学科和专业选择词义 医药学 化学 军事 汽车制造 无线电 邮政业 词义的引申 词义的转换 Noises may develop in a worn engine. Shorts frequently develop when insulation is worn. Sure enough, 80 percent of the plants developed the disease. Other isolation methods are being developed. In developing the design, we must consider the feasibility of processing. After the war much of this knowledge was poured into the developing of the computers. 科技英语句子特点及翻译 科技英语由于题材内容和使用方式的特殊性，形成了词汇、语法方面的特点，与日常英语、文学英语有明显的不同。 科技英语文体崇尚严谨周密，概念准确，逻辑性强，行文简练，重点突出，句式严整。 了解科技文章的语言结构特色是我们理解和翻译科技英语文体首要需要探讨的问题。 Content 科技英语的语法特点 几种常见从句的翻译简介 科技英语的语法特点 广泛使用被动语句 大量使用名词化结构 非限定性动词 后置定语多 长句使用频繁 一、广泛使用被动语句 应当注意机器的工作温度。 水能从液体变为固体。 电阻以欧姆测量。 二、大量使用名词化结构 大量使用名词化结构（Nominalization）是科技英语的特点之一。 为了使句子结构更加紧凑，专业英语中常用名词化句型，即把动词变成名词，从而使原来需要两个分句表达的内容用一个简单句表达出来。 typical example Because they fail to fix these symbols in mind, many students are not able to master the mathematical subjects they take up. Failure to fix these symbols in mind keeps many students from mastering the mathematical subjects they take up. 三、非限定性动词 如前所述，科技文章要求行文简练，结构紧凑，为此往往使用分词短语、分词独立结构、不定式短语等代替各种从句 这样可缩短句子，又比较醒目 A direct current is a current flowing always in the same direction. 直流电是一种总