名词性从句-学生版.docVIP

名词性从句 一、名词性从句的结构和功能总述 名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。名词性从句是一种具有名词功能的非独立分句。名词性从句主要有四种结构：以that引导的从句；以whether/if 引导的从句；以特殊疑问词引导的从句；以what或wh-ever 等连接代词引导的名词性关系从句，此外，as if/as though也可引导表语从句。具体用法如下； ★ that 1.??引导主语从句。一般不省略， 2.??引导宾语从句，作及物动词宾语，可以省略，作介词宾语，一般不省略。 3.??表语从句，一般不省略 4.?同位语从句，一般不省略。 ★ Whether/if 1.引导主语从句。放于句首时，只用Whether 2.引导宾语从句，作及物动词宾语，两者都可，但有区别。作介词宾语，只用Whether。 3.表语从句，只用Whether。 4.同位语从句，只用Whether。 ★ 特殊疑问句。注意语序要用陈述语序。 ★ 名词性关系从句。注意语序要用陈述语序。 完成下列句子。 1. Can you tell me _____(我如何)get to the railway station? 2. These photographs will show you____. (我们村看上去是什么样子的) 二．That从句 (一) 主语从句。 1.that从句作主语时，常用it作形式主语，常见的句型有： (1) It+ be +形容词(obvious, true, natural, surprising, good, wonderful, funny, possible, likely, certain, probable, etc)+that 从句。如： It is certain that she will do well in her exam. It is probable that he told her everything. 2. It +be +名词词组(no wonder, an honor, a good thing, a pity, no surprise, etc.)+that从句。如： It is no surprise that our team has won the game. 3. It +be +过去分词(said, reported, thought, expected, decided, announced, arranged, etc.)+that 从句。如： It is said that Mr. Green has arrived in Beijing. It is decided that the meeting has been put off till next Monday. 2.在口语和非正式文体中，that常可省略，尤其是在非常短的句子中，that总是不必要的。但that从句位于句首时，连词that是绝对不能省略的。如 It’s a pity (that) you’re leaving. That we are invited to a concert this evening is good news to us. (二) 宾语从句。 1. 常见的可以接从句作宾语的动词有see, say, know, imagine, discover, believe, tell, show, think, consider, be sure, be afraid等。在可以接复合宾语的动词之后，如think, make, consider等，可以用it作形式宾语。如： Do you know (that) he has joined the army? I’m sure (that) he will pass the exam. He has made it clear that he will not give in. 2.??that从句一般不能充当介词宾语，偶尔可作except, in的宾语。如： 他是个好学生，就是有点粗心。 He is a good student except that he is a little careless. 他和他的同学不同的地方在于他把课余时间用在了读书上。 He differed from his classmates in that he devoted his spare time to reading. 其他介词后面需要that从句作宾语，必须用it作形式宾语。如： 你要相信我会一直帮助你的。 You may depend on it that I shall always help you. (三) 表语从句 that引