专转本虚拟语气定义.ppt

虚拟语气定义 虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，而不表示客观存在的事实，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。虚拟语气常表示条件和结果的状语从句中。在表示与事实相反的虚拟语气时动词有三种时态：现在时，过去时，将来时。 1. 虚拟语气在if条件句中的应用 2. 宾语/主语从句中的虚拟语气 3. as if /as though 后有时用虚拟语气 4. (should )+动词原形在某些从句中的应用 5. would rather, had better后的句子的虚拟语气 6. it is (high) time that ….句型 7. 在含有if it were not for 或if it had not been for 条件句 8用于if only引导的感叹句 9 lest, for fear that及in case引导的目的状语从句 知识点归纳 1. 虚拟语气在if条件句中的应用1) if 从句 主句 现在 过去式 would (should, could, might)+动原 将来 同上 过去 had done would (should, could, might)+ have done If I had time, I would attend your party. If we had driven in turn, you wouldn’t have got so tired. If it were to snow /should snow tomorrow, we should take photos. 2) 虚拟条件句中有were, had, should时, 可把if省略,而把were, had, should放在主语前,用倒装结构, 这种结构主要用于书面语中. 如: Were it necessary, I might resign. Had you informed me earlier, I would not have signed the contract. Should I have time, I would call on her. Should it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Summer Palace. 3) 错综时间条件句 在这种条件句中,虚拟条件主句和从句的动作发生的时间不一致,因此,主句和从句的谓语动词要根据各自所指的不同时间选择适当的动词形式, 如: If I were you, I would not have missed the film last night. (现在---过去)If they had started in the early morning, they would arrive in half an hour(过去---将来)If you had asked him when you saw him last time, you would know what to do now. (过去---现在) 有时假设的情况并不以条件从句表示出来，而是通过一个介词来表示或通过上下文或其他方式表示 如“but for ”，“without ”及“but that ” “ except for和“supposing ” “otherwise等表示含蓄的虚拟： But for your help,I would have failed. Without the money,I would not be alive now. 2. 宾语/主语从句中的虚拟语气1).wish后面宾语从句中的虚拟语气，表示与事实相反的愿望。其表达形式一般是将从句的谓语动词退后一个时态。例如: 与现在事实相反 : wish + (that)+did(were) I wish I were as healthy as you. I wish that I had a plane. 与过去事实相反 : wish + (that)+had done I wish I had been to the concert last night. I wish you h