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化学工程与工艺专业英语Unit 11_2003版
;;;1. Applications of Thermodynamics ;;;;2. The Nature of Thermodynamics ;;;;Through thermodynamics the potentials (which define and determine equilibrium) are identified and quantified.
These potentials also determine the direction (in which a system will move) as well as the final state (it will reach) but offer no information concerning the time (required to attain the final state).
Thus, time is not a thermodynamic variable, and the study of rates is outside the bounds of thermodynamics, except in the limit as the system nears equilibrium.
Here rate expressions should be thermodynamically consistent.
;;3. The Thermodynamic Laws ;; 2.The Second Law ; 2.The Second Law ; 2.The Second Law ; 2.The Second Law ; 2.The Second Law ; 3.The Third Law ;Thank you
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