化工专业英语期中期末考.ppt

2013期中《专业英语》 考试答案 一、短语、单词训练。将下列词语翻译成汉语(每题0.5分，共20分) English for Science and Technology 科技英语 Computer Aided Design:计算机辅助设计 Revolution per minute : 转/分 methyl aldehyde 甲醛 hydroxide ions 氢氧根离子 water solution 水溶液 atmospheric pressure大气压 A .C: alternating current交流电 Extreme temperature极限温度 a saturated mother liquor 饱和母液 nitric acid 硝酸 absorption and desorption吸附与脱附 Corporation Limited 有限公司 neutralization reaction 中和反应 alkyl group 烷基 a primary alcohol 伯醇 the rule that like dissolves like 相似相容原理 tetrame四聚体 macromolecule 高分子 atomic weight: 原子量 atomic energy 原子能 tetraethoxysilane, 四乙氧基硅烷 Water－resistance 防水 thermoplastic 热塑性 addition polymer 加成聚合物 made of hard－alloy steels硬合金做成的钢 condensation polymer 缩聚物 acetyl chloride 乙酰氯 acetic anhydride：乙酰酐 acetamide；乙酰胺 methyl acetate：乙酸甲酯 Organosilane：有机硅烷 pore diameter.孔径 shorter-chain短链 Thermal analysis：热分析 tertiary alcohol 叔醇 Scanning electron microscopy studies：扫描电镜分析 carbonyl group 羧基 selectivity选择性 sp3-hybridized sp3杂化 二、注意名词单复数（下划线）的译法、将下列句子译成汉语， (每题5分，共10分) 1 If the unsaturation is due to the presence of a triple bond then the compounds are called alkynes 把存在不饱和三键的化合物称为炔烃 2 Of course, when an acid loses a proton, a base must be in presence to accept it. Thus, an acid and a base react in a proton transfer reaction, this reaction is generally known as a neutralization reaction.当然，当一种酸失去质子，另一种碱必然得到它，因此酸和碱的反应是质子转移反应，一般称为中和反应。 三、注意词序转换（下划线）的译法、将下列句子译成汉语， (每题5分，共20分) 1， By compressing and cooling the mixture you can separate one gas from the other by changing it to a liquid 将该混合物压缩、冷却使其中一种气体变为液体，就能把它与另一种气体分开 2, Alkanes undergo reactions such as cracking, alkylation, oxidation, halogenation, nitration and so on. 烷烃能够发生裂解、烷基化、氧化、卤化、硝化等化学反应。. 3, The presence of a substituent group in benzene exerts a profound control over both orientation and the ease of introduction of the entering substituent.. 苯环上的取代基对进入苯环上的新取代基的位置和容易程度有很大影响。 4，It has long been the practice to attempt the synthesis of natural products in t