动名词课件.ppt

* 一、动名词的形式 主动形式 被动形式 一般式 doing being done 完成式 having done having been done 二、功能及用法 1．动名词（短语）做主语 Seeing is believing. It’s no use crying over spilt milk. It’s no good talking a lot without doing anything. There’s no telling what he’s going to do. There is no point discussing this with him. 动名词作主语 不定式作主语 ： Playing with fire is dangerous. To play with fire will be dangerous. 下列几种情况中不能互换： a. 当表语是动名词时，主语也要用动名词；当表语是不定式时，主语也要用不定式，如： Seeing is believing. To see is to believe. 抽象 具体 b. 动名词和不定式作主语，一般都可以使用形式主语it，而将动名词或不定式放在句尾。但是在下列句型中，一般宜用动名词，不宜用不定式来代替： It’s no use /good doing … It’s a waste of time doing … 而在It’s important/necessary 这类句型中，只能用不定式，如： It’s important to learn foreign languages. It’s quite necessary to read it many times. 2．动名词（短语）作表语，如： My favorite sport is swimming. 注：动名词作表语与不定式作表语的区别： 动名词作表语时表示比较抽象的一般行为、习惯；不定式作表语时表示具体的某一次动作，特别是将来的动作，试比较： The first thing is to improve our pronunciation. 3．动名词（短语）用作宾语的情况很多 We all avoided mentioning that matter. 1)★??? 能用动名词作宾语的动词有两类： 只能用动名词作宾语的动词： avoid(避免）, admit（承认）, appreciate（欣赏、感激）, advise, can’t resist（无法抵挡）, confess（坦白）, consider（考虑）, delay put off/ postpone, deny（否认）, dislike, enjoy, escape（逃脱）, fancy(想象、喜欢）, feel like, finish, forgive, give up， imagine, include , involve（需要） excuse doing sth /sb for doing sth 原谅 excuse sb from doing sth 免除某人做某事 prevent /stop sb (from) doing sth= keep sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事 keep sb doing sth 让某人一直做某事 keep (on)一直/继续, mention（提到、谈及）, mind, miss（错过）practise, put off/ postpone（推迟）, risk（冒险）, quit, suggest等 allow/ forbid（禁止）/permit（允许）/ advise（建议） / recommend（推荐） doing sth allow/forbid/permit/advise/recommend sb to do sth 既可以用动名词，又可以用不定式作宾语的动词： begin /start cannot bear（无法忍受） continue/go on forget remember hate/ like/love doing sth 继续做同一件事情 to do sth 不停息继续做另一件事情 to do sth 忘记去做某事 doing sth忘记做过某事 to do