医学英语第五讲.ppt

第五讲 方法 论文的材料与方法部分在结构式摘要中简称为 “methods”，或 “patients and methods” 或 “design and methods” 或 “research design and method” 方法部分主要陈述 研究设计(study design) 研究对象的特性 (identity of subjects) 干预或处理方法 (intervention) 测定或观察方法 (measurement) 示例 (p.119)Example Objective: To test prospectively whether serum laminin (昆布氨酸) levels, which is taken to indicate portal hypertension, can predict the occurrence of severe complications in advanced cirrhosis of the liver. [目的及研究设计] Patients and Methods: In 38 patients (21 men and 17 women; mean age 55.6+13.4 years) with liver fibrosis (n=4) or liver cirrhosis (n=34) serum laminin was measured by a commercially available radioimmunoassay (Behring, Marburg) [研究对象特性、测定内容及方法]. The severity of liver cirrhosis was graded according to the Child-Pugh-Christensen criteria. Portal hypertension was assessed by standard endoscopic methods and portal-vein duplex（多普勒）sonography. Within a mean observation period of 12.5+3.5 months, the following were used as signs of severe clinical complications of liver cirrhosis: stage III and IV of hepatic coma, treatment-refractory ascites (顽固性腹水), portal vein thrombosis and death due to multi-organ failure. [评价标准及方法] 1. 研究对象的选择、来源与排除 Example 1 Patients were randomly selected from volunteers with cutaneous leishmanniasis (皮肤利什曼病) who lived in a hyperendemic area (高流行病区). Exclusion criteria were pregnancy, gestation, age younger than 12 years, and duration of disease of more than 4 months. (p.120) 语言点： 随机选择 / 分组：be randomly selected from / be randomized into 排除 / 选择标准：exclusion criteria for… / inclusion criteria for … included / were 12岁以下12岁或12岁以下：younger than 12 years / 12 years or younger NOT: younger than 12 years old 病程：the duration / course of disease Example 2 A total of 169 patients were included in the study, 83 of whom received trimetazidine（心康宁） orally at an initial dose of 60mg followed by 20mg tid for 5 days. These patients formed the study group (group T) whi