医学英语词汇复大版Cesarean Delivery and the Risk-Benefit Calculus.ppt

MATERNAL-FETAL MEDICINE Cesarean Delivery and the Risk-Benefit Calculus TEACHING PLAN Warm-up activities Background knowledge Understanding of the text Assignment * * WARM-UP Do you know the origin of “cesarean delivery” or “cesarean section”? Watch the following video clips and discuss with your partners. delivery.flv assisted delivery.flv Cesarean.flv Cesarean section delivery.flv What benefits does breast-feeding bring to the mothers and new-born babies? Watch the video clip video\breast feeding.flv and discuss with your partners. * * BACKGROUND KNOWLEDGE A Caesarian section (or Cesarean section in American English), also known as C-section or Caesar, is a surgical procedure in which incisions are made through a mothers abdomen (laparotomy) and uterus (hysterotomy) to deliver one or more babies. It is usually performed when a vaginal delivery would put the babys or mothers life or health at risk, although in recent times it has been also performed upon request for childbirths that could otherwise have been natural. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that the rate of Caesarean sections should not exceed 15% in any country. However, in recent years the rate has risen to a record level of 46% in China and to levels of 25% and above in many Asian countries, Latin America and the USA. * * ETYMOLOGY 1. The name for the procedure is said to derive from a Roman legal code called Lex Caesarea, which allegedly contained a law prescribing that the baby be cut out of its mothers womb in the case that she dies before giving birth. 2. The derivation of the name is also often attributed to an ancient story, told in the first century C.E. by Pliny the Elder, which claims that an ancestor of Caesar was delivered in this manner. 3. An alternative etymology suggests that the procedures name derives from the Latin verb caedere (supine stem caesum), to cut“. * * HISTORY Pliny the Elder theorized that Julius Caesars name came from an ancestor who was born by Caesarean