十八届四中全会中翻英重点.doc

3个建立，2个健全 排除干扰，保障司法公正；依法行政，建设法治政府；依法执政，建立法治GDP……在建立系列新制度的基础上，四中全会着重提出健全依宪治国和党内自律体系，以法治为改革护航。 [建立干部插手案件追责制] 公报提出进行司法改革，旨在给予法官更多独立性，限制地方官员对法庭和案件的影响力。公报提出建立领导干部干预司法活动、插手具体案件处理的记录、通报和责任追究制度。这是中共首次在党内文件中明令禁止官员干预司法案件，并且规定违者必究。 [学热词] 公报：communique 司法改革：legal/judicial reforms 干预司法案件：meddle in judicial cases 违者必究：hold violators accountable The communique promised legal reforms that are aimed at giving judges more independence and limiting local officials influence over courts and cases. According to the communique, a system will be developed in which officials will be given demerits, criticized in public notices and held accountable if they influence judicial activities or meddle in a particular case. This is the first time that the Party has explicitly banned officials from meddling in judicial cases and vowed to hold violators accountable in a CPC document. [建立受理案件终身负责制] 公报指出，为进一步增强司法独立性，最高人民法院将设立巡回法庭，以便于处理人民群众诉讼案件；并探索设立跨行政区划的人民法院和人民检察院，探索建立检察机关提起公益诉讼制度；庭审法官和检察官将对受理案件终身负责，保证公众参与司法程序。 注：巡回法庭不受地域、级别限制，不以特定管辖区域作为审理案件的范围，而是代表最高法院巡回到全国各地，流动性很强，直接受理原来由各省高院审理的二审案件，因为与地方无瓜葛，可解决跨省区案件的地方保护问题。 [学热词] 司法独立性：judicial independence 巡回法庭：circuit court 检察院：procuratorate 终身负责：assume lifelong accountability 司法程序：judicial procedures To further boost judicial independence, the Supreme Peoples Court will set up circuit courts to facilitate the handling of judicial cases filed by the public from local communities. The country will explore establishing courts and procuratorates with jurisdictions spanning across different administrative regions, and building a system in which prosecuting bodies can institute public interest litigations. Trial judges and procurators will assume lifelong accountability to their cases, and public participation will be ensured in judicial procedures, it read. [建立重大决策终身追责制] 推行政府权力清单制度，建立行政机关内部重大决策合法性审查机制，建立重大决策终身责任追究制度及责任倒查机制。 注：重大决策终身责任追究制度及责任倒查机制的意义在于，不管多大的官员，就算你退休了，也要对决策失误承担责任。如果没有终身问责制，所有的法治政府建设都是空谈。 [学热词] 行政机关内部重大决策：major administrative decisions The communique ca