南开大学博士研究生入学考试试题030809.docx

南开大学2003年博士研究生入学考试试题Part Ⅰ Listening Comprehension考博论坛:最早最大的中文考博论坛,,) G- W3 X* Y??u8 [) |(略)Part ⅡReading Comprehension (20 points) h2 C y: L) O) wPassage 1/ T r ~??M??D M2 tTraffic statistics paint a gloomy picture. To help solve their traffic woes, some rapidly growing U.S. cities have simply built more roads. But traffic experts say building more roads is a quick-fix solution that will not alleviated the traffic problem in the long run. Soaring land costs, increasing concern over social and environmental disruptions caused by road-building, and the likelihood that more roads can only lead to more cars and traffic are powerful factors bearing down on a 1950s-style construction program.考博论坛:最早最大的中文考博论坛,,7 u2 [3 v4 H/ [# D2 G vThe goal of smart-highway technology is to make traffic systems work at optimum efficiency by treating the road and the vehicles traveling on them as an integral transportation system. Proponents of the advanced technology say electronic detection systems, closed-circuit television, radio communication, ramp metering, variable message signing, and other smart-highway technology can now be used at a reasonable cost to improve communication between drivers and the people who monitor traffic.Pathfinder, a Santa Monica, California-based smart-highway project in which a 14-mile stretch of the Santa Monica Freeway, making up what is called a “smart corridor”, is being instrumented with buried loops in the pavement. Closed-circuit television cameras survey the flow of traffic, while communication linked to property equipped automobiles advise motorists of the least congested routes or detours.考博,考博网,考博论坛,考博英语,考博试题,考博试卷,考博辅导,,6 w ?9 i9 N8 `1 _! HNot all traffic experts, however, look to smart-highway technology as the ultimate solution to traffic gridlock. Some say the high-tech approach is limited and can only offer temporary solutions to a serious problem.“Electronics on the highway addresses just one aspect of the problem: how to regulate