启蒙运动和浪漫主义.ppt

* The Enlightenment --The Age of Reason The Enlightenment Movement was a progressive intellectual movement. And it began in the 18th century of Europe. France was the center of the Enlightenment. The movement was a furtherance of the Renaissance from the 14th and 17th century. Its purpose was to enlighten the whole world with the light of modern philosophical and artistic ideas. It celebrated reasons or rationality, equality and science. Jean-Jacques Rousseau 卢梭 Voltaire 伏尔泰 Montesquieu 孟德斯鸠 The main Enlighteners The influence of Enlightenment the Enlightenment thinkers criticized feudalism and its spiritual pillar —— the Catholic Church, and depicted the future rational kingdom blueprint b. Preparation for the France Revolution ` c. It influenced many other countries all around the world deeply, and lots of the masterpieces of the Enlighteners were introduced to China, Japan and other Asia countries, encouraging their national movements against the old society. American Romanticism Romanticism was a rebellion against the objectivity of rationalism. For romantics, the feelings, intuitions and emotions were more important than reason and common sense. They stressed the close relationship between man and nature, emphasized individualism and affirmed the inner life of the self. They cherished strong interest in the past, especially the medieval and were attracted by the wild, the irregular, the indefinite, the remote, the mysterious, and the strange. Period and the symbols of beginning and ending: Period: from end of 18th century to the outbreak of the Civil War. Beginning: publication of The Sketch Book《见闻札记》 by Washington Irving(华盛顿·欧文（美国文学史上最早的著名作家） Ending: Leaves of Grass《草叶集》 by Whitman(惠特曼) It is a great flowering of American literature; it is also called “American Renaissance” Background: Historically, westward territorial expansion(西部领土扩张)provided rich materials for the development of Romanticism Economically, the industrial transform