MaterialSafetyDataSheets材料安全数据表Transport-OHLearning.PPT

3 - FUNDAMENTALS OF TOXICOLOGY3-毒理学基本原理 3. FUNDAMENTALS OF TOXICOLOGY3.毒理学基本原理 Toxicology is the study of the adverse effects of substances on living organisms. 毒理学是研究物质对生物体不良影响的一门科学。 Historically toxicology was the art and science of poisoning. 从历史的角度来看，毒理学是有关中毒的一门科学技术。 It is today a discipline which makes use of information developed by a wide range of chemical, physical, biological and medical sciences in order to predict the likely adverse effects on man of an ever?increasing range of substances to which he is exposed. 现在，毒理学是充分利用化学、物理、生物和医学学科信息的一门科学，其宗旨是对人体接触到的各种物质可能产生的副作用进行预测。 3. FUNDAMENTALS OF TOXICOLOGY 3.毒理学基本原理 Toxicity is the innate ability of substances to injure living things. 毒性是物质能对生物体造成伤害的固有能力。 Hazard assessment is the prediction of the toxic effects that will be evident under defined conditions of exposure. 危险性评估是对特定接触条件中出现的明显毒副作用进行预估。 Risk assessment is the prediction of the probability that defined toxic effects will occur under defined conditions of exposure in a single person or a defined population. 风险评估是对人或人群在特定接触条件下中毒可能性的预估。 3. FUNDAMENTALS OF TOXICOLOGY 3.毒理学基本原理 Substance covers a wide range of materials including single chemical compounds or mixtures of these, simple or complex naturally occurring or synthetically produced substances and micro?organisms. 有毒物质覆盖范围广，包括化合物、混合物、天然或合成单质或复合物或微 生物。 Substances may be chemically pure or contain additives or impurities and may be in the form of solids, liquids, gases, dusts, fibres, fumes or aerosols. 有毒物质可能是化学纯物质或含有添加剂或杂质，可能是固态、液态、气态、 粉尘、纤维、烟雾或气溶胶 。 Some (e.g. fumes, dusts and aerosols) may be difficult to identify. 某些有毒物质（如烟雾，粉尘和气溶胶）可能难以辨认。 They may be materials used or which arise during maintenance or repair of plants or buildings or they may be formed or used during research, development or testing. 有毒物质可能是设备或建筑物维护或维修中使用或产生的材料，或研究或开 发或测试过程中形成或使用的物质。 3. FUNDAMENTALS OF TOXICOLOGY 3.毒理学基本原理 All substances are poisons, there is none which is not a poison.