建筑工程专业英语unit7.ppt

Lesson 7 Building Structures * A structure is the part of a building that carries its weight. A structure may be a dwelling house, or a pyramid in Egypt, or a dam on a river. A building is a structure with a roof and much of civil engineering structural design is the design of building structure. The part of the building that holds up the weight and load is called the structural part. Parts such as windows that do not hold up the building are the non-structural parts. structure 结构 dwelling 居住 dam 坝体 Building structures are classified many forms according to the different material, such as concrete structure, steel structure and masonry structure. Concrete structure is classified three forms, such as reinforced concrete, prestressed concrete and plain concrete. concrete structure 混凝土结构 steel structure 钢结构 masonry structure 砌体结构 reinforced concrete 钢筋混凝土 prestressed concrete 预应力混凝土 plain concrete 素混凝土 Reinforced Concrete Structures In reinforced concrete structures, steel reinforcing bars are embedded in concrete structures where tensile stress may occur to make the good compressive strength of concrete structures fully put into action[1]. Generally speaking, reinforced concrete structures possess the following features：large dead mass, high stiffness, good durability, long curing period, easily cracked and so on. compressive strength 抗压强度 dead mass 自重 curing period 养护期 durability 耐久性 Reinforced concrete systems are composed of a variety of concrete structural elements that, when synthesized, produce a total system. The components can be broadly classified into：floor slabs, beams, columns, walls and foundations . element 构件 synthesize 整浇 floor slab 楼板 beam 梁 column 柱 foundation 基础 Fig 7.1 Typical reinforced concrete framing structure Floor slabs are the main horizontal elements that transmit live loads as well as dead loads to the vertical framing