张维友词汇学chapter4.ppt

Q：What are the main ways of word-formation in English? 1)?Affixation?2)?Compounding?3)?conversion 4)?shortening5)?clipping?6)?acronymy? 7)?blending? Q:what are the most productive? affixation?,?compounding?and?conversion? Suffixation ?: 1.?Noun?suffixes? 1)?Denominal?nouns? 2)?Deverbal?nouns? 3)?De-adjective?nouns:?-ity,?-ness, 4)?Noun?and?adjective?suffixes? 2.Adjective?suffixes? 1)Denominal suffixes 2)Deverbal suffixes 3.Adverb?suffixes? 4.Verb?suffixes? 4.2. Compounding (composition) 2 words (or more than 2) put together e.g. Hot line; laser bomb; black hole; baby-sit; job-hop; window-shop; toothache; silkworm round-the-clock negotiation d: the ahead-of-schedule general election 提前举行的大选 e: an off-camera announcer 影屏外的播音员 f: the first on-scene attempt to detect life on Mars 实景考察 a: an easy-to-paint portrait b: a difficult-to-operate machine c: hard-to-get-at volumes 4) compound adjectives coming from the compressed attributive clauses: d: a cant-be-put-down book e: a never-to-be-forgotten event f: his higher-than-average wages The women have outgrown the jumping-onto-the-chair-at -the-sight-of -a-mouse era. 1) The common way to form a compound verb is by means of back -formation. The back-formation is a process of word formation by which a word is created by dropping the supposed or imagined affixes: 3: Compound Verbs: d: air-condition: from air-conditioning a: mass-produce: from mass production b: window-dress: from window-dressing布置橱窗 c: proof-read: from proof-reader e: edit: from editor f: automate; automation g: gloom: from goomy h: greed: from greedy I: to window-shop: from window-shopping: look at displays of goods in store windows without entering the stores to buy anything. j: baby-sit: from baby-sitting: care for children, usually during a short absence of the parents. 2) A compound verb can also be formed by means of analogy: a: chain-drink: from chain-smoke b: bott