张良卫国际海上运输第三章.ppt

Chapter Three Containerization chapter outline introduction to container and containerization container network container operation freight rate for container transportation container bill of lading What is Containerization Containerization is a method of distributing merchandise in a unitized form adopting an inter-modal system which provides a possible combination of sea, road and other modes of transportation. Stow cargo into standard-size and reusable vans. Ship the containers in unit loads to its destination. Containerization has reshaped maritime shipping industry shorter transit time and less labour bigger vessels and bigger ports are builded reduction of transport cost relocation of international ports around-the-world trip become possible Operating Costs of Panamax and Post-panamax Containerships (in USD) Please watch the VCR and find out how a container port is operated Container stacking area 集装箱堆场 Load sequense 装载顺序 Crane起重机, 吊车 Lorry 卡车，接驳车 Straddle carrier 跨车 Advantages of container transportation To facilitate multimodal transportation and achieve door to door service How ? To ensure the safety of cargo Not necessarily To increase efficiency of transportation, reduce operational cost Offset by imbalance of shipment ,security issue… How containers facilitate multimodal transportation and achieve door to door service? Container standarization Standard External Container Dimensions Container Length 20ft 30ft 40ft 40HQ Container Width 8ft 8ft 8ft 8ft Container Height 8ft 6ins 8ft 6ins 8ft 6ins 9ft 6ins As container move along this network, they can be either empty, loaded with single consignment (Full container load, FCL整箱运输), or loaded with multiple consignments (Less than container load, LCL拼箱运输) Under FCL operation What is shipper’s responsibility ? What is carrier’s responsibility ? In case of product shortage or damage, who should be responsible,