形合与意合 必威体育精装版最全版.doc

Unit 3 形合与意合 ( hypotaxis parataxis) 形合 (Hypotaxis) Hypotaxis and parataxis are the performance of the language law. The so-called hypotaxis refers to the realization of the connection of the words or phrases, with the help of language forms (including vocabulary and forms); 意合和形合是语言表现法。所谓“形合”(hypotaxis)是指借助语言形式手段（包括词汇手段和形态手段）实现词语或句子的连接 ； 1. They come out on to the village green and photograph each other in a stone armchair,said to be the throne of Artila.(Nancy Mitford:The Water Beetle) 踏上村中草地，看到一张石椅，听说是匈奴王阿提拉的宝座，就要照相；一个个登上大位，你给我照，我给你照。（翁显良译） 2. Sitting still at home is the heavenly way;the going out is the way of the world.(by Abu Musa,taken from Henry David Thoreau’sA Winter Walk) “在家安居者天之道也，出外奔波者人之道也。”（夏济安译） 3. All around was open loneliness and black solitude,over which a stiff breeze blew。(Thomas Hardy:Tess of the d’Urbervilles) 　周围一切，只是一片空旷的荒寒，一团漆黑的僻静，一股劲风，在上面吹动。（张谷若译） 4. Chilly gusts of wind with a taste of rain in them had well nigh dispeopled the streets. 阵阵寒风，带着雨意，街上冷冷清清，几乎没有什么人了。 Hypotaxis(形合): The dependent or subordinate construction or relationship of clauses with connectives; for example, I shall despair if you don’t come. (The American Heritage Dictionary p.649) 汉语的意合 Parataxis (from Greek for ‘act of placing side by side’; fr. para, beside + tassein, to arrange; contrasted to syntaxis)， in grammar， refers to placing together sentences, clauses or phrases without conjunctions. 不借助语言形式手段而借助词语或句子所含意义的逻辑联系来实现词语或句子的连接 Parataxis(意合): The arranging of clauses one after the other without connectives showing the relation between them. Example: The rain fell; the river flooded; the house was washed away. (The World Book Dictionary p.1513) Examples 好好学习，天天向上。 Study hard, make progress everyday. Study hard, and make progress everyday. If one studies hard, he will make progress every day Examples 去了也白去。 Even if you go there, there won’t be any result. 天气寒冷，河水都结了冰。 It was so cold that the river froze. 跑得了和尚跑不了庙。 The monk may run away, but the temp