心理学 Psychological Learning Behavior.doc

LEARNING Learning: Any relatively permanent change in behavior or knowledge produced by experience Classical conditioning: AKA: Pavlovian Cond; Respondent Cond. discovered in early 1900s by Ivan Pavlov, a Russian physiologist Pavlovs procedure consisted of 3 phases: phase 1 (before conditioning) Food in mouth( salivation Ring a bell ( no salivation phase 2 (the process of conditioning): ring bell + place food in mouth (repeat several times) phase 3 (after conditioning): ring bell (without food) ( salivation UCS (food) UCR (salivation) CS (bell) CR (salivation) Do salivating dogs have anything to do with YOUR life? e.g., acquisition of phobias and conditioned emotional responses Freud: CC model: UCS (dog bite) UCR (fear) CS (sight of dog) CR (fear) vicarious conditioning-association that derives from hearing or seeing others reactions UCS (snake bite) UCR (fear) CS (sight of snake) CR (fear) Post-traumatic stress disorder person experiences very frightening event later anything that resembles event causes fear reaction UCS UCR (fear) CS CR (fear) Stimulus generalization: stimuli similar to CS may also trigger a CR but CR gets weaker to stimuli that are less and less similar to original CS conditioned responses over time repeated pairings of a CS and UCS strengthen the CR repeated nonpairings (CS without UCS) gradually weaken the CR  so how should one treat disorders like phobias and PTSD? spontaneous recovery: what are the treatment implications of spont. recovery? classical conditioning is selective preparedness theory: humans are predis