文体学引论 第八章 第一节 科技文章 第二节 法律文件 第三节 公文 全.ppt

2、警官证词特点：① 有固定的格式和套语 先交代时间地点，再说有关被告的事情；② 接近口语体，句子较短 原因：需要在法庭上宣读，也为了便于听懂和理解； On the fifth inst. At nine p.m. approximately, when on duty, I was approaching the western outskirts of Sutton Porcorum, when I observed accused behaving in a suspicious manner in the company of the female witness. There was l light haze at the time. Accused was seated in a squatting posture on a branch of a municipal planetree adjoining no.3 Pelham Place, at about ten feet from ground level, and the female witness, who was in a recumbent position on the municipal bench under the said tree was inciting accused to make an entry into the premises. The words she used were:” Go on, Alf, go on in, have a bit of pluck! No one won’t see you.” The female witness appeared to be under the influence of drink: she spoke these words in a highly jocular manner. The impression she conveyed was that she was sky-larking. 3、商业信函 一般是公司代表出面，因此需要尽量避免个人口吻，措辞力求严谨，同时也使用许多套语和固定的程式。 下面是建筑公司给炼铁厂的一封催要建筑材料的信件： The Northern Iron Foundry, 21, wharf Buildings, Merseybury.Dear Sirs, I am requested by the foreman responsible for the repairs to Atterwood Bridge, Noranger, Cheshire, to inform you that the six steel girders, 24 feet by 9 inches by 4 inches ordered from your company have not yet been delivered. I am informed that on 4th June be received assurance by telephone from your dispatch office that the girders were about to be issued. Will you be so kind as to institute enquiries concerning this non-delivery as work on the bridge is being seriously delayed. Yours faithfully,  Ralph G. Westwood (Contract Department) 4、通知、告示的文体通知、告示可以使用非正式文体，也可以使用正式文体，而代表官方所出的文体一般来说需要采用正式的文体带有公文文体的某些特点：① 在句中不用主动语态，而用被动语态；② 使用shall, 更给人以法律条文的印象； 例： No one shall be allowed to bring into or consume intoxicating liquo