文学第六周.ppt

Lecture 6 The literature of Naturalism----Jack London By Cece Apr. 3 e Outline Naturalism Occupation Brief introduction Life story Main experiences Two marriages Business (Beauty Ranch) Political view Works American Naturalism (1865 –1914) 1.What is Naturalism? Naturalism(1865-1914): The movement is an outgrowth（结果） of 19th –century scientific thought, following the biological determinism of Darwin’s theory, or the economic determinism of Karl Marx. Naturalism is evolved from realism when the author’s tone in writing becomes less serious and less sympathetic but more detached（超然）, ironic and more pessimistic. It is no more than(只不过) a different philosophical approach to reality, or to human existence. 1.What is Naturalism? Darwinism:?达尔文主义: an evident influence on naturalism, stress the animality of man, to suggest that people were dominated by the irresistible forces of evolution.?对自然主义影响极大，强调人的动物性，意味着人的命运受进化的不可抗力来决定的。 American Naturalism Thematically, naturalistic writers write detailed descriptions of the lives of the downtrodden受压迫的 and of the abnormal, frankly treat human passion to show the animalistic nature of man,人的动物性 are concerned about how men and women are overwhelmed by the forces of environment and by the forces of heredity环境和遗传力量 Eg.法官的儿子永远是法官，小偷的儿子永远是小偷！----l流浪者 Representative Writers Works of Naturalism Theodore Dreiser: Sister Carrie《嘉莉妹妹》; The American Tragedy Stephen Crane: The Red Badge of Courage《红色英勇勋章》 Jack London: The Call of the Wild《野性的呼唤》 In the work, the creation of Buck’s reflects Darwin’s theory of “the big fish eat up the small, the fittest survive.” In fact, his writings testify to a deep love and unique understanding of the wildness. Jack London -----(1876-1916) Jack London (John Griffith London ) 1876-1916 Occupation: Novelist Journalist Essayist. Short story writer American Jack London (John Griffith London ) 1876-1916 Life