国际商法7 formatio的n of corporation.ppt

Unit 7 formation of corporation;2. The conditions for the formation of corporation;3. Promoters（发起人）;The certificate of incorporation and its effect;Restrictions on the choice of name;Case 2000年初，某市一有限责任公司开张，登记为“大洋时装有限责任公司”（甲公司），从事服装生产。2000年底，在离甲公司500米处又有另一家公司开业，从事服装销售，登记名称为“大洋服装商贸有限公司”（乙公司）。两家公司名称类似，顾客经常混淆。为此，甲公司向法院提起诉讼，称乙侵犯其名称权。乙公司主张两家名称并非完全相同，行业也不同。甲公司为服装生产加工产业，乙公司为商品零售产业，否认自己侵权。 Questions 乙公司是否构成对甲公司名称权的侵犯？ ;4. Articles of association（公司章程）;4.2 the memorandum of association（公司大纲）;5. Business scope of corporation (the objects clause);5.3 transactions beyond business scope ;b. in United States and England: (1) in history, it’s not effective due to the principle of Ultra Vires (越权无效原则） Historically, an act of a corporation beyond its powers was a nullity, as it was ultra vires, which is Latin for “beyond the powers”. Therefore, any act not permitted by the corporation statute or by the corporation’s articles of incorporation was void due to lack of capacity. ;Ashbury railway Carriage and Iron Co Ltd v. Riche A corporation was incorporated with the following objects: to make, sell, or hire railway carriages and wagons; to carry on the business of mechanical engineers and general contractors; and to purchase, lease, work, and sell mines, minerals, land and buildings. The Directors contracted to purchase a concession to build a railway in Belgium and to provide Riche with finance for the construction of the railway. It was held that the contract was ultra vires and void.;(2) nowadays, it’s usually effective Today, the ultra vires doctrine is of small importance for two reasons. First, nearly all corporations have broad purpose clauses, thereby preventing any ultra vires problem. Secondly, most statutes do not permit a corporation or the other party to an agreement to avoid an obligation on the ground the corporation action is ultra vires. ; 2003年6月，深圳某外贸公司向原告表示能介绍出口到俄罗斯的业务，但要求原告必须办理GOST认证，同时推荐被告为原告办理。此前原告的产品从