新世纪大学英语第二册知识要点.doc

Book 2 Unit 1 Living in Harmony I. Words and Expressions 1. (Para. 1) forgiveness: n. [U] when sb. forgives another person *He never admitted his guilt or asked for forgiveness. (= 他从不承认自己的罪行，也不请求饶恕。) 我必须请求你的宽恕。(= I have to ask for your forgiveness.) Collocation: ask / beg / pray, etc. for (sb’s) forgiveness Derivation:forgive v. CF: forgive excuse这两个动词均有“原谅”之意。 forgive 指尽管某人做错了事情，但是你不再生气，不再责怪他了，一般指原谅或者宽恕比较严重的错误。 excuse 指原谅一些不是很严重的错误，比如莽撞、失礼等小过失。 (Directions:) Fill in the blanks with the two words above. Change the form where necessary. 1. She was ______ for coming late. (= excused) 2. A wife ______ an unfaithful husband. (= forgives) 3. Please _______ my bad handwriting. (=excuse) 4. They _______ their enemies. (= forgive) 2. (Para. 1) good-tempered: adj. pleasant, kind, and not easily made angry (=Minnie was always good-tempered and agreeable.) Note: 与temper有关的词组 lose one’s temper 发脾气 I’ve never seen Mike lose his temper. keep one’s temper 控制脾气、忍耐 I found it increasingly difficult to keep my temper. 3. (Para.1) universal: adj. involving everyone in the world or in a particular group There does not appear to be universal agreement on the future of the CBA. These stories have universal appeal. 4. (Para. 2) ironically: adv. used when talking about a situation in which the opposite of what you expected happens or is true Ironically, his cold got better on the last day of his holiday. 5. (Para. 2) root sth. out: find out where a particular kind of problem exists and get rid of it Action is being taken to root out corruption in the police force. 6. (Para. 2) cripple: v. 1. damage sth. badly so that it no longer works or is no longer effective The industry is being crippled by high interest rates. Asia’s economy was crippled by inflation. (=通货膨胀曾使亚洲经济陷于瘫痪。)罢工使工厂陷于瘫痪（＝The strike crippled the factory.）2. hurt sb. badly so that they cannot walk properly She was crippled in the car accident. (= 她在车祸中致残。) 7. (Para. 2) cling: v. continue to believe or do sth., eve