新世纪实用英语写作Chapter 4.ppt

◆ Inferring and Forecasting（推论或展望前景） Soap operas will continue to be popular not only because they distract us from our daily chores but also because they present life as we want it to be: fast-paced, glamorous, and full of exciting characters. ◆ Using a Rhetorical Question（用修辞性疑问句引发深思） No one wants to see hostages put in danger. But what nation can afford to let terrorists know they can get away with murder? 4.2 Writing Process Five Steps in Writing： Determining the Topic Finding and Selecting Materials Organizing Materials into an Outline Drafting Revising Ways of Making an Outline Directions for Outlining： “Harvard 标准提纲”是一种表达一篇文章中各个部分内容之间关系的结构框架。根据这个框架结构： 大写的罗马数字(the Roman numerals)表示主要划分(main divisions)； 大写英语字母(upper-case letters)表示续分(subdivisions)； 阿拉伯数字(Arabic numerals) 表示再续分(further divisions)； 小写英语字母(lower-case letters)表示下 个层次的再续分(still further divisions); 依次类推。 Essay Outline Framework Introduction I. First major point or division A. First point belonging to above division B. Second point II. Second major point or division A. First point belonging to above division 1. details belonging to Point A. 2. details belonging to Point A. a. finer details belonging to 2. (1) still finer details belonging to a. (2) still finer details belonging to a. b. B. III. Third major point or division A. B. C. Conclusion Techniques Principles in Outlining 编列提纲是把思想条理化的过程，逻辑平行是编列提纲的重要原则。主要项目的分类在逻辑上应是并列平行的，它们在内容的重要性、等级、程度上都应是相同的；在语法结构上应由互为平行的词、短语或句子组成。 Types of Outlines Topic Outline Sentence Outline Topic-Sentence Outline Sample Outline--- Therapeutic Benefits from Pets Thesis Statement: Pets have been found to provide important therapeutic benefits to the mentally ill, the physically ill, and the handicapped. I. Benefits to the mentally ill History of the use of animals for the mentally disturbed Rece