何玲语言学教程导读.ppt

崔建斌：语言学教程（第三版），2008 胡壮麟 胡壮麟，男，1933年3月生，上海市人。北京大学英语系教授、博士生导师。 研究方向涉及：国外语言学理论与流派、功能语言学、语用学、文体学、语篇分析、英语教学法、语言规划、符号学等。 主要著作《语言学教程》。 语言学教程 The book covers 12 chapters It is easy to read and understand Chapter Three Lexicon Chapter FourFrom Word to Text Chapter FiveMeaning Chapter SixLanguage and Cognition Chapter SevenLanguage, Culture, and Society Chapter Eight Language in Use(Pragmatics) Chapter 9Language and Literature Chapter 10Language and the Computer Chapter 11 Linguistics and Foreign Language Teaching Chapter 12Theories of Linguistics The main questions discussed in this book. 1. Why Study Language? 1.1 Some myths about language Language is only a means of communication. Language has a form-meaning correspondence. The function of language is to exchange information. English is more difficult to learn than Chinese. Black English is not standard and should be reformed. 2 、What’s language? Laymen’ definitions Language is what we do things with Language is what I think with Language is used for communication Language is what I speak with Language is what I write with “Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication.” --Ronald Wardhaugh: Introduction to Linguistics (1977) “Language is a means of verbal communication.” It is instrumental in that communicating by speaking or writing is a purposeful act. 3. Design Features of Language Language distinguishes human beings from animals in that it is far more sophisticated than any animal communication system. Human language is ‘unique’ Arbitrariness 3.1 Arbitrariness The dog barks wow wow in English but “汪汪汪” in Chinese. 3.2 Duality Primary units ‘words’ (meaningful) consist of secondary units ‘sounds’ (meaningless). 3.3 Creativity Language is resourceful because of its duality and its recursiveness. We can use it to create new meanings. Words can be used in new ways to mean new things, and can be instantly understood by people who have never