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The Criminal Justice System: An Overview;Components of Criminal Justice;American Criminal Justice in Historical Perspective;The Criminal Justice System: Discretion at All Levels: ;Police Work and Law Enforcement;Role of the Police;Maintaining Public Order;Providing Community Service;Enforcing the Criminal Law;Issues in Policing;Police Effectiveness and Reform;Foot Patrol;Community-Oriented Policing;Problem-Oriented Policing;Role of the Courts;Prosecution and Defense;The Criminal Justice Process;Juvenile Justice System;Outcome of 1,000 Serious Cases;The Common Law: Historical Roots;U.S. Criminal Law Systems;Comparison of Felony and Misdemeanors;Procedural Law;Bill of Rights;Fourth Amendment;Exclusionary Rule;The “Handcuffing” Impact of the Exclusionary Rule;Fifth Amendment;Miranda v. Arizona (1966);Right to speedy and public trial Right to impartial jury Right to be informed of charges Right to confront adverse witnesses Right to be provided assistance of counsel;Fourteenth Amendment;Procedural Safeguards of Due Process;Concepts of Crime;Effects of the Crime Control Perspective;Effects of the Due Process Perspective;The Structure of the Criminal Justice System;The Criminal justice Process;Major Actors in the Judicatory Process;Methods of Determining the Factual Issues of Guilt or Innocence;The Felony Trial;Criticism of the Courts;Sentencing Options;Types of Sentences;Death Penalty Issues;Role of Corrections;The History of Prisons;Incarceration Issues;Alternatives to Incarceration;“The contemporary criminal justice system is monumental in size. It consists of more that 55,000 public agencies, and now costs the federal, state, and local governments nearly $150 billion for civil and criminal justice; this amounts to more that $500 for every resident in the United States” (Siegel 2003: 460).