有毒动植物中毒.ppt

* 有毒动植物食物中毒 有毒动植物食物中毒 河豚鱼中毒 　　Puffer fish poisoning 鱼类组胺中毒 Fish histamine poisoning 麻痹性贝类中毒 Paralytic shellfish poisoning 毒蕈中毒 Noxious mushroom poisoning 四季豆中毒 kidney bean poisoning Food poisoning 2006-4-27 The puffer fish lives in shallow coastal waters, coral reefs and tidal lagoons in the western and central Pacific Ocean. The puffer fish has rounded fins and eyes that protrude from its head. The puffer fish gets its food by using its puffer-like beak like teeth. The puffer fish protects itself by puffing itself up by taking gulps of water or air to fill its stomach. This makes the spine on its body which normally lies flat against its skin puff up. Puffer fish poisoning河豚鱼中毒 Food poisoning Distribution and Level of Toxin毒素分布及毒性大小： 毒性与季节有关，春季最毒 存在于卵巢、肝、脾、肾等脏器及皮肤、血液、眼球等部位。 毒性大小：卵巢、肝脏最毒 肾、血液次之 新鲜洗净的肌肉不含毒 死鱼肉或有些品种的鲜鱼肉，螺类，也含有毒素。 Food poisoning 2006-4-27 Food poisoning 　　TTX is an especially potent neurotoxin, specifically blocking voltage-gated sodium channels on the nerve membranes surface. The TTX-Na Channel binding site is extremely tight (Kd = 10-10 nM). Poisoning Mechanism 中毒机制 阻断神经肌肉间的传导 外周血管扩张，使血压急剧下降， 使神经末梢和中枢神经麻痹。 感觉神经 运动神经麻痹 口腔与胃肠道粘膜吸收 呼吸中枢和血管运动中枢麻痹而致死。 作用于神经系统 Emergency treatment 紧急处置 催吐：1% CuSO4 洗胃：1/2000~4000 KMnO4或1 ~3%NaHCO3 导泻：50% MgSO4 50ml 对症治疗： 早期解毒：L-半胱氨酸盐酸盐静脉滴注 呼吸困难：洛贝宁、尼可刹米注射 肌肉麻痹：士的宁、番木鳖碱 保肝解毒：高渗葡萄糖输液 Food poisoning 避免误食中毒 开展宣传教育，改变饮食习惯 新鲜河豚鱼统一收购 →去头、皮、内脏→鱼干 河豚鱼鱼干经鉴定后食用 禁止食用新鲜河豚鱼 Preventive measures 预防措施 Food poisoning 常见的河豚鱼 Food poisoning 家庭自制河豚鱼要不得 河豚鱼集中处理 中毒后立即接受治疗 严防河豚鱼混入市场 Food poisoning 青干金枪鱼 鲐 蓝点马鲛 2006-4-27 Food poisoning * （1）胃肠毒型： 毒蕈：黑伞属和乳菇属某些蕈种 毒素：类树脂物质 机理：刺激胃肠道 症状：剧烈腹泻，水样便，阵发性腹痛 治疗：对症治疗 2006-4-27 Food poisioning * 毒红菇 Russula emetica 红菇 （无毒）Russula lepida 窝边黄乳菇 Lactarius scrobiculats 胃肠毒型 毒　蕈 Food poisoning 2006-4-27 Food poisoning * 毒蕈毒素： 　 毒蝇碱（muscarin）：毒