环境科学专业英语9.pptVIP

* Soil Basics Jinyan Yang 13-12-2010 Test (20 min) 1.1 Composting decomposes organic waste, such as food scraps and yard trimmings, with microorganisms (mainly bacteria and fungi), producing a humus-like substance. 1.2 The BOD test is essentially a bioassay procedure involving the measurement of oxygen consumed by living organisms (mainly bacteria) while utilizing the organic matter. 1.3 Point sources are most readily identified with industrial sources such as manufacturing, processing, power generation, and waste treatment facilities where pollutants are delivered through a pipe (discharge point). 2.1 What causes the greenhouse effect? 2.2 What is the definition of biodiversity? 2 Question 1 Translation New Words Phrases Clay: A fine-grained, firm earthy material that is plastic when wet and hardens when heated, consisting primarily of hydrated silicates of aluminum and widely used in making bricks, tiles, and pottery. 粘土，泥土：一种磨细的、坚固的土质材料，潮湿时是可塑的而加热时变硬，主要由含氢铝硅酸盐组成，广泛用于砖、瓦和瓷器的制造中 Translation 1) Soil quality or soil health is the capacity of a soil to function within (and sometimes outside) its ecosystem boundaries to sustain biological productivity and diversity, maintain environmental quality, and promote plant and animal health. 2) Soil erosion occurs when people disturb the soil or the natural vegetation by grazing livestock, cutting forests for agricultural use, plowing hillsides, or tearing up land for construction of roads and buildings. 3) Soil contamination can degrade soil’s capacity to provide habitat for soil organisms, to grow plant that are safe to eat, or to safely recharge ground and surface water. 4) Soil and water can be preserved by not using, but that isn’t to our profit; intensive cropping uses the soil but often cause soil erosion.