年产18万吨电解铝的铝电解车间工艺设计 冶金工程专业 大学论文.doc

年产18万吨电解铝的铝电解车间 工艺设计 专 业冶金工程学 生指导老师 The Plant Design of 180,000 Tons of Aluminum Electrolytic Aluminum Speciality: Metallurgical Engineering Student: Xu Zhi fei Instructor: Ma Hong zhou Design Description Lianlv aluminium cell is the main equipment, the design in the analysis of a large number of literature and field research on the basis of aluminium cell structure of the design, electrolytic aluminum production process of the energy balance is calculated to familiar with the aluminum Electrolysis process, and in the calculation on the basis of major equipment selection and workshop graphic design and the total transport scheme for the plans. This paper also introduced the electrolytic process of physical and chemical reactions, electrolyte aluminum nature of the system, the start-up cell and conventional electrolysis processes and the basic principles of design workshops. Design selection of the aluminum electrolytic process of basic parameters, current intensity selection of 300KA, groove type selection of intermediate material four point feeding prebaked pot, and a control machine. The bus is four point of entry, current efficiency is 94%, the total production capacity of 180,000tons. System design specification, drawing the electrolytic trough structure, workshop floor plan and process flow diagram, and complete the study of aluminum electrolysis flue gas pollution and its control in writing. Keywords: Aluminum; Energy Balance; Electric Cell; Design 目 录 目 录 3 1 绪论 1 1.1 铝的物理化学性质和用途 1 1.1.1 铝的简介及物化性质 1 1.1.2 铝的用途 2 1.2国内外铝工业发展的现状及趋势 3 1.2.1 国内外铝工业发展现状 3 1.2.2 电解铝工业发展趋势 4 1.3 电解铝生产 4 1.3.1 铝电解工艺流程 4 1.3.2 铝电解的原料：氧化铝 5 1.3.3 铝电解的熔剂：氟盐 7 1.3.3.1 冰晶石 7 1.3.3.2 氟化铝 8 1.3.3.3 氟化钙 8 1.3.3.4 氟化镁 8 1.4 电解铝机理 9 1.4.1 铝电解的总反应 9 1.4.2 阴极反应 9 1.4.3 阳极反应 10 1.5 铝电解的主要设备—铝电解槽简介 10 1.5.1 电解槽槽型结构特点剖析 10 1.5.2 铝电解槽槽型的发展趋势 11 1.6 我国电解铝技术存在的问题 11 1.6.1 电解槽寿命 11 1.6.2 阳极质量 12 1.6.3 电流密度 13 1.6.4 电流效率 13 1.6.5 过热度 14 1.7 本设计的目的和内容 15 2 电解槽的设计及相关计算 16 2.1 基础计算 16 2.2