纳撒尼尔·霍桑的人生及作品.ppt

American Puritanism The beliefs and practices of those Puritans who were a group of highly religious and serious people. They followed many of the ideas of the Swiss reformer John Calvin and accepted the Calvinistic doctrine of predestination, original sin. Predestination, original sin, total depravity, limited atonement (or the salvation of a selected few) from God’s mercy. Puritan Life Very strict: simple worship Pure churches: no statues, tinted windows, or music Long hours in prayer Faith and knowledge of Bible more important than good works Clergy consists of men of equal rank: no women Deep belief in predestination- only the elect would go to heaven. Idealistic: the people chosen by the God Practical: worked very hard for profits and material success Self-disciplined, sobriety, hard work, thrift, piety without any eartyly joy and extravagancy. Nathaniel Hawthorne  (1804—1864) Nathaniel Hawthorne 1804-1864 the great romantic novelist in the nineteenth century and the pioneer of psychological analyst in the history of American literature. Life experience Born to a family with a long Puritan tradition in Salem, Massachusetts. His ancestors were notorious for the persecution of the Quakers and for the Salem Witchcraft Trial in 1692. a dark shadow on his heart When he was 4, his father, a sea captain, died. He was brought up by his uncle. He graduated form Bowdoin College in 1842 in the same class with Longfellow and Franklin Pierce (the 14 th U.S President). After graduation, he returned to Salem to live in his mother’s house and to pursue his literary career. His life experience had great influence on his character, as well as on his writing career. He once wrote to his friend Henry Longfellow, I have locked myself in a dungeon and I cant find the key to get out.” He always had bitter feeling about his family guilt. And gradually he became very unsociable and tended to throw himse