组织行为学第四讲_基本的动机概念.ppt

Chapter 4 Foundations of Employees Motivation Learning Objective After learning this chapter, you should be able to: Explain why motivating employees becoming more challenging. Define motivation and distinguish between content and process theories. Compare and contract the content theories of motivation. Discuss the practical implications of content motivation theories. Think about how to motivate yourself. 预习案例一：中国经济从计划经济向市场经济的转变 思考：从激励理论的角度，如何解释中国经济从计划经济向市场经济的转变的必然性？ 预习案例二：大学生心理学会宣传部曾经被撤销 思考：如何运用激励理论来解释宣传部的会员流失？ 社团会员活动的要素分析 不会 会（能力）【能力】 不 不明 明（信息）【沟通】 做 不愿 愿（动机）【态度】 让人做事 并且做好 做 被动消极（不得不做） 激励 主动积极（尽心尽力） What is Motivation?  一、激励的作用 一、激励的作用 对于个人： 保持良好的生存状态 提高自己的竞争优势 对于组织：有利于实现组织目标 对于管理者：激励员工 对于被管理者：自我激励 Motivation Theories 二、内容型激励理论Content Theories 1 Maslow’s Need Hierarchy 需要层次理论的启示 掌握员工的需要层次，满足员工不同层次的需要 了解员工的需要差异，满足不同员工的需要 把握员工的优势需要，实施最大限度的激励 Physiological needs These are people’s primary or basic needs They include air, food, shelter, sex, and relief or avoidance of pain. In organizational setting, these needs include adequate salary, breaks, and working conditions. Safety needs They include the needs for body safety, life stability and health. In the organizational setting, these needs include safe working conditions, salary increases to meet inflation, job security, and fringe benefits that protect the physiological needs. 管理人员应强调规章制度、职业保障、福利待遇。如果下属的安全需要非常强烈，管理者在处理问题时就不应标新立异，并应避免或反对冒险。 Social needs After establishing safety, people look for love, friendship, acceptance, and affection. In the organizational setting, these needs include the opportunity to interact with others, to be accepted, and to have friends. 如果该需求作为主要需求得不到满足时，就会影响员工的精神健康，导致高缺勤率、低生产效率、对工作不满意以及情绪低落。 管理人员应采取特别支持与赞许的态度，强调能被同事所接受，开展有组织的体育比赛和集体野餐等业余活动。 Esteem needs They include ego, status, self-respect, recognition for accomplishments, and a feeling of self-confidence and prestige. In the organizational settin