经济学 应用：国际贸易(PPT51).ppt

Application:International Trade应用：国际贸易 Chapter 9 International Trade 国际贸易 What determines whether a country imports or exports a good? 什么决定一个国家是否进口或出口一种物品? International Trade 国际贸易 Who gains and who loses from free trade among countries? 在国际自由贸易中谁获利谁亏损？ World Price and Comparative Advantage世界价格与比较优势 If a country has a comparative advantage, then the domestic price will be below the world price, and the country will be an exporter of the good. 如果一个国家在某种物品生产方面有比较优势，那么国内价格将比世界价格低，这个国家就会是该物品的出口国。 World Price and Comparative Advantage世界价格与比较优势 If the country does not have a comparative advantage, then the domestic price will be higher than the world price, and the country will be an importer of the good. 如果一个国家在某种物品生产方面没有比较优势，那么国内价格将比世界价格高，这个国家就会是该物品的进口国。 International Trade in an Exporting Country 出口国的国际贸易 How Free Trade Affects Welfare in an Exporting Country 自由贸易如何影响出口国的福利 How Free Trade Affects Welfare in an Exporting Country How Free Trade Affects Welfare in an Exporting Country How Free Trade Affects Welfare in an Exporting Country 自由贸易如何影响出口国的福利 THE WINNERS AND LOSERS FROM TRADE The analysis of an exporting country yields two conclusions: Domestic producers of the good are better off, and domestic consumers of the good are worse off. Trade raises the economic well-being of the nation as a whole. 自由贸易赢家和输家 两个结论： 当一国允许贸易并成为一种物品的出口国时，该物品的国内生产者状况变好，而该物品的国内消费者状况变坏 贸易增加了一国的整体经济福利。 The Gains and Losses of an Importing Country International Trade in an Importing Country If the world price of steel is lower than the domestic price, the country will be an importer of steel when trade is permitted. Domestic consumers will want to buy steel at the lower world price. Domestic producers of steel will have to lower their output because the domestic price moves to the world price. Figure 5 How Free Trade Affects Welfare in an Importing Country How Free Trade Affects Welfare in an Importing Country How Free Trade Affects Welfare in an Importing Country How Free Tra