给老外科普中国历史.ppt

In 1206， Genghis Khan unified all the tribes in Mongolia and founded the Mongol Khanate. In 1271， his grandson， Kublai Khan， conquered the Central Plain， founded the Yuan Dynasty （1271-1368） and made Dadu （todays Beijing） the capital. During the Song and Yuan dynasties， handicraft industry and domestic and foreign trade boomed. Many merchants and travelers came from abroad. Marco Polo came from Venice and traveled extensively in China， later describing the countrys prosperity in his Travels. The four great inventions of the Chinese people in ancient times-paper making， printing， the compass and gunpowder-were further developed in the Song and Yuan dynasties， and introduced to foreign countries during this time， making great contributions to world civilization. Brief introduction of Chinese history The Ming Dynasty (1368~1644) is another unified, strong empire. A nautical hero live in the age, named Zheng He. Beijing In 1368， Zhu Yuanzhang founded the Ming Dynasty （1368-1644） in Nanjing， and reigned as Emperor Taizu. When his son， and successor， Zhu Di， ascended the throne， he started to build the palace， temples， city walls and moat in Beijing. In 1421， he officially made Beijing his capital. In the Ming Dynasty， remarkable progress was made in agricultural production and handicrafts， and toward the end of the dynasty， the rudiments of capitalism appeared. In addition， there were friendly contacts between China and other countries in Asia and Africa. Brief introduction of Chinese history The Qing Dynasty (1616~1911) promoted the Chinese ethnic fusion[fju??n] 　In the late Ming Dynasty， the Manchus in northeast China grew in strength. Under the leadership of Nurhachi， the Manchus invaded the Central Plain for three generations in succession， and finally founded the Qing Dynasty （1644-1911）. The two most famous emperors of the Qing Dynasty were Emperor Kangxi （r. 1661-1772） and Emperor Qianlong （r. 1735-1796）. The Kangxi and Qianlong reign periods were known as the