四级辅导-虚拟语气.ppt

* 一、虚拟语气考查点 1、条件从句中的虚拟语气 （1）虚拟条件句的基本形式： 与现在事实相反：if条件句用一般过去时（动词be用were），主句用would(should/could/might)+动词原形 与将来事实相反：if 条件句中用过去时，或should/were to+动词原形，主句用would (should/could/might)+动词原形。 与过去事实相反：if 条件句中用过去完成时，主句用would（should/could/might）+have+过去分词。 1）The millions of calculations involved, had they been done by hand, all practical value by the time they were finished.(2001年 1月，CET-4) [A] had lost [B] would have lost [C] would lose [C] should have lost 答案为[B]，虚拟语气表示与过去事实相反时，主句应用would/should have done的形式。 2)Jean doesn’t want to work right away because she thinks that if she a job she probably wouldn’t be able to see her friends very often.(1996年1月，CET-4) [A] has to get [B] were to get [C] had got [D] could have got 答案为[B]，表示与将来事实相反时，if条件句中用过去时，或should/were to +动词原形，主句用would(should /could/might )+动词原型。本句四个选项中只有[B]符合要求。 （2）虚拟条件句的倒装形式 3） before we depart the day after tomorrow, we should have a wonderful dinner party. (1997年1月，CET-4) [A] Had they arrived [B] Would they arrive [C] Were they to arrive [C] Were they arriving 答案为[C]。从后半句should可以判断这是一个虚拟语气的句子，并且是与将来事实相反的，所以前半句应用过去时，用倒装可以省if。 （3）含蓄虚拟条件句 虚拟条件有时不是通过if从句明显地表达出来，而是隐含在副词、介词短语或上下文中。经常表示这种含蓄条件的有：otherwise或or（否则，不然的话）；with（如果有了）或without（要是没有）；but for...（要不是，倘若没有）；介词短语，如in the past(要是在以往)，in sb’s position(如果处在某人的位置上)，under...（要是在……情况下）；would rather...（宁愿，更情愿）等等都可以表示隐含虚拟条件。 4）He must have had an accident, or he then.(1990年1月，CET-4) [A]would have been here [B]should be here [C]had to be here [D]would be there 答案为[A]。or 在这里隐含了与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，表示if he had not had an accident,所以其后的主句用would have done 而不用其它的。 (4)错综时间条件句 5）If I hadn’t stood under the ladder to catch you when you fell, you now.(1999年1月，CET-4) [A]wouldn’t be smiling [B] couldn’t have smiled [C]won’t smile [D] didn’t have smiled 答案为[A]。错综虚拟语气。从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。 ? 2、在“It is/was+形容词+that从句”的结构中，常用“(should+)动词原形”作从句的谓语。 用于这种结构的形容词有：advisab