Translationworkshop5(宗教文化).doc

Translation workshop 5 (宗教文化翻译）（May 30 - June 6，2013） 案例1 （圣经文化） As a result of these varied developments, by the High Middle Ages books had assumed considerable importance as movable chattels: they had become valuable commodities in their own right. In his testament of 1059 the Byzantine aristocrat Eustathius Boilas, for example, detailed among his most precious possessions a Bible, various books of history and hagiography (saints’ lives), and even the Romance of Alexander. 到中世纪时期时，由于这些各种变化，书本已经变得像奴隶一样那么重要了，它也是一项宝贵的商品。比如圣经中，1059年东罗马帝国的贵族名为欧斯塔休斯·波瓦拉斯说在他所有贵重的财产中，圣经是最宝贵的，他说这是一本记录着历史和圣徒传记的书，甚至也可以说是亚历山大的罗曼蒂克史。 由于诸方面的房展，到了中世纪鼎盛时期，书籍作为个人动产得到了人们的高度重视：书籍本身成了价值不菲的商品。例如，拜占庭有位贵族，名叫尤斯塔休斯·布瓦拉斯（Eustathius Boilas），他在1059年的遗嘱中列举了自己最为珍贵的遗产，其中有《圣经》、各类史书、圣徒传记，甚至还有《亚历山大传奇》（Romance of Alexander） One of the most popular books of the period was the Psalter, the series of the 150 Psalms found in every Bible. Most medi?val Psalters, in Latin, alter their sequence and/or number, and include hymns, dirges, eulogies, royal praises and pilgrims’ songs. Being in praise of God, both supplication and devotion, such pieces had already figured in the liturgy（正式度很高） of the early Christian Church. The Psalter forms the foundation of the canonical Hours, as monks and nuns gathered in the choir of their monasteries and abbeys for these hor?: the seven times of the day laid down for the recitation of the prayers of the Divine Office. Each Psalter was divided into the seven days of the week, then into the individual hor?. Those wealthy enough to own a private chapel in a castle, manor or town residence practised secular devotions employing a personal Psalter, very frequently the property of a lady. 这一时期最受读者青睐的一本书是诗集，它是圣经里150圣歌的集合。 这一时期最为流行的书籍之一是“诗篇集”（Psalter），即涵盖在每部《圣经》里的150篇系列赞美诗。中世纪的多数“诗篇集”皆为拉丁文，只是内容的顺序和/或数目不尽相同，但都少不了赞美诗、挽歌、颂词、王室赞语以及朝圣者之歌，为了赞美上帝，以示祈愿和虔诚，这些诗篇在早期基督教会礼拜仪式中发挥着重要作用，“诗篇集”构成了法定祈告时辰的基础，道士和修女在规定时间聚集在隐修院和修道院，每天在规定的时间诵读七次“时辰颂祷礼”（Divine Office）祷文。每周七天，每天都有专门的祷文，分七次诵读。富有的人在自家的城堡，庄园或乡间别墅中设有私人礼拜堂，居