德国攻打苏联的原因全方位分析.ppt

* Brief Introduction 1939–1940 German-Soviet relationship The Soviet Union and Germany signed a non-aggression pact in August 1939, the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, shortly before the German invasion of Poland that triggered World War?II, which was followed by the Soviet invasion of that country. A secret protocol to the pact outlined an agreement between the Third Reich and the Soviet Union on the division of the border states between their respective spheres of influence. The Soviet Union and Germany would split Poland if an invasion were to occur, and Latvia, Estonia and Finland were defined as falling within the Soviet sphere of influence. The pact surprised the world because of the parties mutual hostility and their conflicting ideologies. As a result of the pact, Germany and the Soviet Union had reasonably strong diplomatic relations and an important economic relationship. The countries entered a trade pact in 1940, in which the Soviets received German military and industrial equipment in exchange for raw materials, such as oil or wheat, to help Germany circumvent a British blockade. Reasons for the Invasion Ⅰ .Although Germany and Soviet had an ongoing relations, each side was strongly suspicious of the others intentions. After Germany entered the Axis Pact with Japan and Italy, it began negotiations about a potential Soviet entry into the pact. After two days of negotiations in Berlin from 12–14 November, Germany presented a proposed written agreement for a Soviet entry into the Axis. The Soviet Union offered a written counterproposal agreement on 25 November 1940, to which Germany did not respond. As both sides began colliding with each other in Eastern Europe, conflict appeared more likely, although they signed a border and commercial agreement addressing several open issues in January 1941. Germany broke the pact by starting Operation Barbarossa. Ⅱ. 从二战初期的大背景看 1.德军在进攻苏联之前，已经做好了各项充分的准备：（1）西欧已被占领，英国已无力发动反攻；（2）德军有足够的资源（比如人力资源、武器物资的生产能力等）。 2、二战初期德军对波兰和西欧低地国