农田土壤养分淋溶的研究进展 - 中国农学通报.PDF

中国农学通报 2011,27(03):451-456 Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 农田土壤养分淋溶的研究进展 牛新湘，马兴旺 （新疆农业科学院土壤肥料与农业节水研究所，乌鲁木齐830091） 摘 要：土壤养分淋溶是造成土壤营养元素大量损失的重要原因。养分的淋溶是一个严重的问题，不仅 引起营养元素损失，降低肥料效益，而且造成地下水污染，给环境带来不良后果。因此，无论从农业角 度，还是从环境观点，农田土壤养分淋溶已引起越来越多的关注。笔者主要回顾了国内外土壤肥料养分 淋溶研究进展及趋势，阐述了农田土壤肥料养分形态、农田土壤肥料养分淋溶机理及影响因素，指出了 中国在土壤肥料养分淋溶研究方面存在的问题及今后的发展方向。 关键词：农田；氮；磷；钾；淋溶 中图分类号：S143；X501 文献标志码：A 论文编号：2010-2849 ResearchAdvancesonLeachingofFertilizerNutrientsfromAgriculturalSoils Niu Xinxiang, Ma Xingwang (InstituteofSoil, FertilizerandWaterSavingResearch, XinjiangAcademyofAgriculturalSciences, Urumqi 830091) Abstract: Leaching from soil nutrients is important reasons leading to losses of soil nutrition elements. Nutrient leaching is a serious problem, not only will cause nutrition losses and reducing fertilizer use effiency, but also pollute ground water, and bring about bad environmental impact. Therefore, leaching of fertilizer nutrients from agricultural soils has been attracted more attention, whether from an agricultural view, or from an environmental one. This paper reviewed the research progress and trend of the leaching of fertilizer nutrients from agricultural soils at home and abroad, illuminates the forms and mechanism of the leaching loss of N, P, K nutrients from agricultural soils, as well as its affecting factors, and pointed out the existing problem and future direction of domestic research on the leaching of fertilizer nutrients from agricultural soils. Keywords:cropland; nitrogen; phosphorus; potassium; leaching [3-6] 0 引言