富营养化水体的营养盐限制性研究综述 - 地球环境学报.PDF

第7 卷 第2 期 地球环境学报 Vol.7 No.2 2016 年4 月 Journal of Earth Environment Apr. 2016 doi:10.7515/JEE201602002 富营养化水体的营养盐限制性研究综述 孔范龙，郗  敏，徐丽华，李  悦，秦培瑞 （青岛大学环境科学与工程学院，青岛 266071 ） 摘  要：水体富营养化是全球目前以及今后相当一段时期内的重大水环境问题。氮、磷作为浮 游植物生长所必需的营养盐，是水体富营养化的主要限制因子。通过对近年来水体富营养化受氮、 磷营养盐限制的研究进行综述，研究了营养盐来源及其对浮游植物生长的影响，总结了营养盐 限制性差异的影响因素，分析了缓解富营养化的营养盐主控因子。分析表明：营养盐的来源主 要分为外源和内源，受外界环境及人类活动影响显著；浮游植物的生长受N / P 比值及其绝对浓 度的共同作用；在不同的水文、气候和人类活动强度下，水体富营养化主要营养盐限制因子存 在差异，并且存在限制性转换和共同限制的情况；缓解水体富营养化措施的提出应在综合考虑 多种因素的前提下进行。 N/P 关键词：富营养化；营养盐限制因子； 比值；浮游生物 Review of studies on the limitation of nutrients in the eutrophic water KONG Fanlong, XI Min, XU Lihua, LI Yue, QIN Peirui School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China （ ） Abstract: Background, aim, and scope As a global environmental issue, eutrophication has been recognized as the most common and severe problem, which originated from the excessive input of nutrients from agricultural run-off, untreated industrial and urban discharges. The primary symptom of eutrophication is excessive production of phytoplankton and other microorganisms. Two elements, nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), explain most of the experimentally diagnosed nutrient limitation of algal growth in inland waters under natural or human-modified conditions. Therefore, in recent years, a variety of studies focused on the interactions between cyanobacterial proliferation and nutrient limitation has been investigated and many valuable results were obtained. However, there is a stron