翻译理论和实践chapter2.ppt

Chapter 2Disparity between “Corresponding Words” in English and Chinese 1. Semantic Range and Classification1.1 Some Important Terms semantic range 语义范围P37 notional words 实词P37 functional words 功能词（虚词）P37 Some Important Terms pictograph 象形文字P38 core vocabulary 核心词汇P38 lexical gaps 词汇空缺P38 Some Important Terms polysemy 一词多义P39 extended meaning 引申意义P41 Some Important Terms transferred meaning 转义P41 primary meaning 原义P41 Some Important Terms lexicalization 词汇化P43 grammaticalization 语法化P43 elegant variation 求雅换词（避免重复）P44 1.2 Differences in Semantic Meaning sweet milk 新鲜牛奶（加糖牛奶x） quarters 住处，宿舍（四分之一x） spectacles 眼镜（风景，景象x） dog-eared (因翻得多)页折角的 Differences in Semantic Meaning bus boy (美)餐馆侍应生的手下杂工 dry goods (英)谷类；干物类；(美)纺织品 wet goods 油、油漆、酒等货物 yellow boy (英)金币 Differences in Semantic Meaning pull one’s leg 开玩笑，取笑、愚弄某人 pull up one’s socks 鼓足干劲 eat one’s words 取回前言，承认错误 Differences in Semantic Meaning go back on one’s words/break one’s promise 食言 wash one’s hands of sth 不再管某事 1.2 Differences in Semantic Meaning self do, self take 自己做事，自己承担 drawingroom 客厅 pointless speech 索然无味的演说 in the seventh heaven 欢天喜地，兴高采烈 Differences in Semantic Meaning move heaven and earth 不遗余力，千方百计 treat sth as child’s play 视作易如反掌 knock sb. for six 彻底摧垮 Differences in Semantic Meaning 社会问题 social problem 社会环境 social environment 社会秩序 public order 社会制度 social order Differences in Semantic Meaning 社会治安 public security 社会舆论 public opinion 社会组织 civic organization Differences in Semantic Meaning 社会工作 public activities /community work 社会公共利益 national public interests Differences in Semantic Meaning 自学 self taught 寒衣 warm clothes 救火 fight a fire 宰客 swindle money from customers Differences in Semantic Meaning 文化程度 educational level 学习知识 acquire knowledge 来信写道 the letter reads 课堂测验 pop-quiz Differences in Semantic Meaning 流动资金 working capital 拳头产品 knockout product 新闻自由 freedom of Press 买一赠一 Buy one, get one free D