语言学大纲.doc

第一章 教学目的与要求：通过本章的学习，了解学的研究对象和研究方法。 教学重点与难点： 学的概念；现代学的；； 复习思考题： 1. 2. What are the major branches of linguistics? What does each of them study 3. In what basic ways does modern linguistics differ from traditional grammar? 4. How is Saussure’s distinction between langue and parole similar to Chomsky’s distinction between competence and performance? 5. What characteristics of language do you think should be included in a good, comprehensive definition of language? 6. What are the main features of human language that have been specified by C. Hockett to show that it is essentially different from animal communication system? 第二章 教学目的与要求：通过本章的学习，了解英语的。 教学重点与难点： 复习思考题： 1.? Of the two, which one is primary and why? 2. Explain with examples how broad transcription and narrow transcription differ? 3. How are the English consonants classified? 4. What criteria are used to classify the English vowels? 5. How do phonetics and phonology differ in their focus of study? 6. Explain with examples the sequential rule, the assimilation rule and the deletion rule. 7. What are suprasegmental features? How do the major suprasegmental features of English function in conveying meaning? 第章 教学目的与要求：通过本章的学习，了解词 教学重点与难点： 复习思考题： 1. 2. Think of three morpheme prefixes, give their meaning, and specify the types of stem they may be prefixed to. Give at least two examples of each. 3. Think of three inflectional morphemes and point out their grammatical meaning. 第章 教学目的与要求：通过本章的学习，了解。 教学重点与难点： α和转换限制 复习思考题： 1. 2. How do we determine the category of a phrase? And how do we describe the internal structure of a phrase that is formed of more than one word? 3. Do you think that the X-bar theory is an abstraction of phrase structure rules? How? 4. Illustrate with an example how we apply transformational rules to get a surface structure out of a deep structure. 第章 教学目的与要求：通过本章的学习，了解 教学重点与难点： 复习思考题： 1. ? 2. What are the major types of synonyms in English? 3. Explain with examples “homonymy”, “polysemy”, and