Metonymy(借喻)概要1.ppt

“ ” Metonymy(借喻) BY CAROL Definition: Metonymy is a figure of speech that has to do with the substitution of the name of one thing for that of another. This substituted name may be an attribute of the other or be closely associated with it. In other words, it involves a change of the name , the substituted name suggesting the thing meant. Function Apart from simile and metaphor , metonymy is today probably one of the most widely used figures of speech. Journalists and news reporters use it frequently and are constantly creating new substitutions. The reason for this is not hard to see : a metonymy can express briefly and effectively what would otherwise require a whole clause or sentence. Brevity is its chief virtue and next is the ease with which it can be created and popularized. Several types （一）用容器的名称来代替所盛的东西 Who holds the purse rules the house. 有钱就有势。 这里的房子不是一般意义的“房子”（house）， 而是美国国会的参众两院 the House of Representatives and the Senate. 以“房子”代替 the power in the parliament ; 以“钱包”（purse）代替the money in the purse. （二）用人体部位或器官指代人的品质，才能， 特征等。 If there is any bad blood in the fellow he will be sure to show it. 如果这个人心里有所怀恨的话，他一定会流露出来。 以 “血液”(blood)代替strong especially unpleasant feeling ;temper. （三）用资料，工具代替事务的名称 He chose a gun instead of a cap and gown. 他选择了当兵，而没有继续求学深造。 分别以gun指代career of being a soldier,以cap and gown“方顶帽和黑长袍”（the customary clothes worn for graduation from a high school or university ,consisting of a long black gown and a cap with a flat, square top）指代higher learning. （四）用典型实物代替职业或从事该职业的人 Bob was promoted from the gray-collar to the white-collar in the shortest time . Bob 在不长的时间内就从灰领提升到白领 。 人们以着装特征来表示不同的职业阶层，以gray-collar指代 western workers carrying out maintenance work (在西方社会从事维修的工人)；以white-collar指代 office workers (从事文秘级实物方面工作的雇员). （五）以产地，发明者或者作者代替产品或作品。 We had to carry bottles of very expensive cologne and we constantly sprayed him down . 我们不得不带上几瓶非常昂贵的科隆香水，并不断地把他彻底喷得香喷喷的。 （六）以所在地代替人物、事物、机构、组织 The wall Street defini