(sphalerite) structure 闪锌矿结构ax 2 type fluorite structure 萤石结构.ppt

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(sphalerite) structure 闪锌矿结构ax 2 type fluorite structure 萤石结构.ppt

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(sphalerite) structure 闪锌矿结构ax 2 type fluorite structure 萤石结构

Ceramic Materials — Structures and Properties Ceramic Materials 陶瓷材料 Inorganic materials 無機材料 Nonmetallic materials 非金屬材料 Most ceramics are compounds between metallic and nonmetallic elements Composed of at least two elements, and often more Atomic bonding in ceramics ranges from purely ionic to totally covalent Electronegativity 電負度、陰電性 Stable and unstable cation-anion coordination configuration Coordination Number 配位數 rC/rA 1 ? 配位數12 Crystal Structures AX Type Rock Salt Structure 岩鹽結構 Cesium Chloride Structure 氯化銫結構 Zinc Blende (Sphalerite) Structure 閃鋅礦結構 AX2 Type Fluorite Structure 螢石結構、氟石結構 ABX3 Type Perovskite Structure 鈣鈦礦結構 AB2X4 Type Spinel Structure 尖晶石結構 Rock Salt Structure 岩鹽結構 NaCl, MgO, MnS, LiF, FeO Cesium Chloride Structure 氯化銫結構 CsCl Zinc Blende Structure 閃鋅礦結構 ZnS, ZnTe, SiC, ZnO Fluorite Structure 螢石結構 CaF2, ZrO2, UO2, PuO2, ThO2 Perovskite Structure 鈣鈦礦結構 BaTiO3, SrZrO3, SrSnO3 Interstitial position填隙位置、間隙位置 Tetrahedral position 四面體位置 Octahedral position 八面體位置 Crystal structure Hexagonal Close-Packed (HCP) 六方最密堆積 ABAB... Stacking Sequence Face-Centered Cubic (FCC) 面心立方 ABCABC... Stacking Sequence Determine Crystal Structures Stoichiometry 化學計量 Charge Neutrality Cation-anion radii ratios (coordination number) Covalent character Ceramic Density Computation Silicate Ceramics 矽酸鹽陶瓷 Silica 矽石、二氧化矽 Crystalline structure of Silica Quartz 石英 Cristobalite (Crystobalite) 白矽石、方矽石 Tridymite 鱗石英、鱗矽石 The strong Si-O bond leads to a strong, high melting temperature (1710?C) Cristobalite (Crystobalite) 白矽石、方矽石 Silica Glass 矽石玻璃 fused silica or vitreous silica 熔凝矽石或玻化矽石 B2O3 and GeO2 Network former CaO and Na2O Network modifier TiO2 and Al2O3 Intermediate Modifiers and Intermediates lowers the melting point and viscosity of a glass Silicate 矽酸鹽 Two-dimensional silicate sheet structure (Si2O5)2? Layered Silicates Can change the counterions (相對離子) this changes layer spacing the layers also allow absorption of water Mica 雲母 KAl3Si3O10(OH)2 Bentonite 膨土、火