临床前课程概论 - 浙江大学教学信息化平台.ppt

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Leishmaniasis（黑热病） Life cycle of Leishmania Cutaneous leishmaniasis ulcer on left forearm Cutaneous leishmaniasis in the hand of a Central American adult 病理生理学Pathophysiology 病理生理学是一门研究疾病发生、发展、转归的规律和机制的科学（卫生部规划教材《病理生理学》，金惠铭，王建枝主编） Pathophysiology is the study of the disturbance of normal mechanical, physical, and biochemical functions, either caused by a disease, or resulting from a disease or abnormal syndrome, or condition that may not qualify to be called a disease. （Wikipedia） Derangement of function seen in disease; alteration in function as distinguished from structural defects. （） Brain herniation （脑疝）types： 1) The brain squeezes under the falx cerebri in cingulate herniation 2) The brainstem herniates caudally 3) The uncus and the hippocampal gyrus herniate into the tentorial notch 4)The cerebellar tonsils herniate through the foramen magnum in tonsillar herniation. Illustration of the Parkinson disease by Sir William Richard Gowers from A Manual of Diseases of the Nervous System in 1886 Dopaminergic pathways of the human brain in normal condition (left) and Parkinsons disease (right). Red Arrows indicate suppression of the target, blue arrows indicate stimulation of target structure. 病理学Pathology 病理学是研究疾病的病因、发病机制、病理变化、结局和转归的医学基础学科（卫生部规划教材《病理学》，李玉林主编） Pathology (from Greek π?θο?, pathos, fate, harm; and -λογ?α, -logia) is the study and diagnosis of disease through examination of organs, tissues, bodily fluids and whole bodies (Autopsy). The term also encompasses the related scientific study of disease processes, called General pathology. （Wikipedia） The medical science, and specialty practice, concerned with all aspects of disease, but with special reference to the essential nature, causes, and development of abnormal conditions, as well as the structural and functional changes that result from the d