常见英语修辞格(总结版).docx

英语常见的修辞格 Figures of speech (修辞)are ways of making our language figurative. When we use words in other than their ordinary or literal sense to lend force to an idea, to heighten effect, or to create suggestive imagery, we are said to be speaking or writing figuratively. Now we are going to talk about some common forms of figures of speech.1) Simile：(明喻）It is a figure of speech which makes a comparison between two unlike elements having at least one quality or characteristic (特性)in common. To make the comparison, words like as, as...as, as if and like are used to transfer the quality we associate with one to the other. For example, As cold waters to a thirsty soul, so is good news from a far country.明喻（simile）是以两种具有相同特征的事物和现象进行对比，表明本体和喻体之间的相似关系，两者都在对比中出现。常用比喻词like，as，as if，as though等，例如：1、This elephant is like a snake as anybody can see.这头象和任何人见到的一样像一条蛇。2、He looked as if he had just stepped out of my book of fairytales and had passed me like a spirit.他看上去好像刚从我的童话故事书中走出来，像幽灵一样从我身旁走过去。3、It has long leaves that sway in the wind like slim fingers reaching to touch something.它那长长的叶子在风中摆动，好像伸出纤细的手指去触摸什么东西似的。2) Metaphor：(暗喻）It is like a simile, also makes a comparison between two unlike elements, but unlike a simile, this comparison is implied rather than stated. For example, the world is a stage.隐喻（metaphor）这种比喻不通过比喻词进行，而是直接将用事物当作乙事物来描写，甲乙两事物之间的联系和相似之处是暗含的。1、German guns and German planes rained down bombs，shells and bullets……德国人的枪炮和飞机将炸弹、炮弹和子弹像暴雨一样倾泻下来。2、The diamond department was the heart and center of the store.钻石部是商店的心脏和核心。3) Analogy: (类比）Reasoning or explaining from parallel cases. A simile is an expressed analogy; a metaphor is an implied one. Itis also a form of comparison, but unlike simile or metaphor which usually uses comparison on one point of resemblance, analogydraws a parallel between two unlike things that have several common qualities or points of resemblance.1. Pupils are more like oysters than sausages. The job of teaching is not to stuff them and then