与机械通气相关的呼吸生理知识.ppt

与机械通气相关的呼吸生理知识 西京医院呼吸内科 李志奎 The Respiratory System Respiratory tract Nose Pharynx upper respiratory tract Larynx Trachea lower respiratory tract Bronchi Lungs-paired organs of respiration Function: supply the body with oxygen and to get rid of excess carbon dioxide resulting from cell metabolism The Trachea 气管 Position: extends from the lower border of cricoid cartilage (环状软骨)to the level of sternal angle(胸骨角) (between T4－T5 vertebrae) where it divides into right and left principal bronchi Structure features Consists of about 15－20 C-shaped incomplete tracheal cartilages for patency connected by smooth muscle and connective Carina of trachea 气管隆突 －ridge of cartilage at bifurcation分歧into principal bronchi Bronchi 支气管 Right principal bronchus 右主支气管 Shorter, wider, and more vertical than the left , is about 2.5cm long, Leaves the extend line of the middle line of trachea at 25～30o angle Foreign bodies are therefore more likely to lodge in this bronchus or one of its branches Left principal bronchus 左主支气管 Narrower, longer, and more horizontal than the right is about 5cm long, leaves the extend line of the middle line of trachea at about 40～50o angle Bronchial tree支气管树 Each principal bronchus divides into lobar bronchi (two on the left, three on the right), each of which supplies a lobe of lung. Each lobar bronchus then divided into segmental bronchi, which supply specific segments of the lung. The Airways Conducting zone: no gas exchange occurs Anatomic dead space Transitional zone: alveoli appear, but are not great in number Respiratory zone: contain the alveolar sacs Bronchopulmonary segments支气管肺段 Wedge shaped, with the base lying peripherally and the apex lying towards the root of lungs, ten in each lung Each with a segmental bronchus and branches of pulmonary artery The veins lie both in and between segments 段支气管继之分为小支气管、细支气管、终末细支气管等。 最终与具有呼吸功能的呼吸性细支气管、肺泡管、肺泡囊及肺泡相连。 小气道的概念及其特点 小气道的概念及其特点 支气管上皮细胞 支气管上皮细胞 支气管上皮细