语言学习机制.pptx

4 learner language error Errors： What: Errors can tell us about learners’ knowledge of the language and their ability to use the target language. Why: There are some characteristics of learner language which can be quite perplexing if one does not have an overall picture of the steps learners go through in acquiring features of the second language. How: an increase in error may be an indication of progress. Some popular believes Second language acquisition (SLA) is strongly influenced by the learner’s first language(L1). The role of L1 in SLA is a negative one. That is, the L1 gets in the way or interferes with the learning of the L2, such that features of the L1 are transferred into the L2. Errors are the result mainly of transfer from their first language. Many errors can be explained better in terms of learners’ an attempt to discover the structure of the language being learned. Bi-directional What are the means used to predict potential errors by behaviorists? Contrastive analysis Error analysis Contrastive analysis Contrastive analysis was the basis for identifying differences between the first and second language and for predicting areas of potential error. contrastive analysis hypothesis (CAH): Where two languages were similar, positive transfer would occur; where they were different, negative transfer, or interference, would result. (Larsen-Freeman Long 1991: 53) Positive transfer is transfer which makes learning easier, and may occur when both the native language and the target language have the same form. The target language learning process will be facilitated. 这是一本书。(Chinese) This is a book. (English) Negative transfer, also known as interference, is the use of a native-language pattern or rule which leads to an error or inappropriate form in the target language when the mother tongue and the target language share a meaning but express it in different ways. 你去哪里？(Chinese) You go where? (English) Error analysis Error analysis involved